Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy 39 Schumpeter, Joseph A. 1947. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. London: Unwin University Books. Sen, Amartya. 2000. Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor Books. Stiglitz, Joseph E, Amartya Sen and Jean-Paul Fitoussi. 2010. Mismeasuring Our Lives: Why GDP Doesn't Add Up. New York: The New Press. Tocqueville, A[lexis] de. 1956. Democracy in America. (Richard D. Heffner, ed.). New York: New American Library. Vanhanen, Tatu. 2003. Democratization: A Comparative Analysis of 170 Countries. London: Routledge. Young, I. M. 2000. Inclusion and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.B. Articles (Books and Journals) Abueva, Jose V. 1997. "Philippine Democratization and the Consolidation of Democracy Since the 1986 EDSA Revolution: An Overview of the Main Issues, Trends and Prospects," in Miranda, Felipe B., ed. Democratization: Philippine Perspectives. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press Adcock, Robert and David Collier. 2001. “Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research,” American Political Science Review, vol. 95, no. 3. Alvarez, Michael, Jose Antonio Cheibub, Fernando Limongi, and Adam Prezeworski. 1996. "Classifying Political Regimes," Studies in Comparative International Development, vol. 31, no. 2. Bayer, Resat and Michael Bernhard. 2010. "The Operationalization of Democracy and the Strength of Democratic Peace: A Test of the Relative Utility of Scalar and Dichotomous Measures," Conflict Management and Peace Science, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 85- 101 Bogaards , Matthijs. 2010. “Measures of Democratization: From Degree to Type to War,” Political Research Quarterly. vol. 63, no. 2. Bogaards, Matthijs. 2007. “Measuring Democracy through Election Outcomes: A Critique with African Data”. Comparative Political Studies. vol. 40, no. 10. Bollen, Kenneth A. 1990. "Political Democracy: Conceptual and Measurement Traps," Studies in Comparative International Development, Political Democracy: Conceptual and Measurement Traps, vol. 25, no. 1. Brillantes, Alex. 1994. “Redemocratization and decentralization in the Philippines: The increasing leadership role of NGOs". International Review of Administrative Sciences, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 575-586. Collier, David and James E. Mahon, Jr. 1993. “Conceptual 'Stretching' Revisited: Adapting Categories in Comparative Analysis,” American Political Science Review, vol. 87, no. 4.

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