213 Index with gubernatorial and congressional positions (1987-2010), 68-69 Political freedom(s), 8, 11 Political Good Governance Index (PGGI), 88 Political legitimacy, vi Political movement or party, 192 Political participation, 4, 7-8 and popular control, 15 Political parties, vi, 25, 33, 46, 48, 59, 67, 7375, 78, 188 Political parties form, 57 Political patronage, vii Political rules, defined, 99 Political rulers, 7 Political transition, unified theory of, 23 Politicized military, 196 Politics of patronage, 115 Polity IV, 20 Popular control, 7-8 Popular sovereignty and representative governance, 4-5, 15 Popular sovereignty, 6, 18 “Pork barrel,” 115-116, 127, 194 See also Legislators' Development Fund POs, 157 Post, Robert C., 191, 199 Post-Westminster form of democracy, 199 Potable water, 152 Poverty, 26, 33, 73, 125, 139, 178-179 Poverty Self-Rating (2001-2011), 32 Power(s), iv of the President, 114, 125, 127, 129, 186, 189 Power and patronage flows, 67-68 Power relationships, iv, 51 Power, Timothy J., 100 PPCRV Servers, 57 Prayer rallies or demonstrations, 179 Precinct Count Optical Scan (PCOS), 57 machines, 58 Pre-Qualification, Bids and Awards Committee (PBAC), 165, 193 President, v, 114, 126, 129 one-term rule, 76 powers and privileges, 114, 125, 127, 129, 186, 189 term limits, 77 Presidential Decree 772, 150 See also Anti-Squatting Law Presidential Decree 1177, 126 See also Institutionalizing Budgetary Reforms Presidential elections, 48-49 Presidential form of government, vii, 75-76, 78-79, 100-102, 104, 106, 113-114, 107108, 122, 129, 188-189 Presidential form of government (American), 96 Presidents satisfaction ratings, comparison of, (1986-2009), 132 Principle of proportional representation, 7879 Principle that public office is a public trust, 101 Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF), 68, 115 Private Armed Groups (PAGs) and loose firearms, by region, 54 Private Armed Groups (PAGs), 52-54, 59 high Human Development Index (HDI)-ranked provinces with, 55 provinces with highest number of, 55 Procedural notion of democracy, 104 Proclamation 1081, 109 See also Martial Law Propaganda Movement, 95 Proportional representation in election system, 188 Protests, tradition of, 150 Provinces with highest number of political families (1987-2010), 65-66 with highest number of Private Armed Groups (PAGs), 55 with no dominant political family (1987-2010), 64 percentage of local income to total income (2001-2008), 168 Provincial governorships, 61 Provisions for Command Directed Activities, 103, 111 Przeworkski, Adam, 21, 48, 50, 67, 183, 187 “Pseudodemocracy(ies),” 3, 185, 199 Public accountability, 9, 15, 18, 184, 187, 191 Public accountability, aspects, 188 “vertical,” vi, 33, 188 “horizontal,” vi, 33, 188 social or “oblique”, 188 Public finance, 126-127 Public goods of civil society, 143, 191 Public officials, 85 Puerto Princesa City, 166 Pulse Asia, Inc., 29-31, 179 surveys, 144, 161 Puno, Renato, Supreme Court Chief Justice, 78 Q Qaddafi, M., viii QOL See Quality of Life Quality of Life (QOL), 29-31, 107