205 Index “Delegative democracy(ies),” 3, 102-105, 113, 117-119, 121-122, 125, 129, 188-189, 199 defined, 106 Deles, Teresita Quinto “Ging,” Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process, 151, 157 Democracy(ies), vii-x, xii, xiv, 2, 59, 61, 139, 183-186 basic framework in designing measures, 21 conceptual ambiguity, xi conceptualization, measurement and aggregation, 3, 22 confusion concept of, 12-13 consolidated, 102 constituent ideas, 4-9, 15-16, 44 definition(s), 2-3, 22-12, 16-17, 24, 44, 47, 183 eight alternative meanings of, 12 elite view of, 153 good features in improvements of measures, 21 liberal, 9 reasons identified for its failure(s), 26 Democracy and democratization, distinction between, 184 Democracy and Redistribution, 22-23 “Democracy at Gunpoint,” 52 Democracy audits, 185 Democracy debate, three general approaches, 11 Democracy measures, flaws in the design and operation of several, 20 Democracy, measurement of, 3, 19-23 Democracy, modern political, 2, 11, 16 definition of, 47 definition modified, 2, 17 Democracy, philosophical/methodological divide, 13-14 popular view of, 153-154 procedural definitions of, 186 procedure-oriented approaches to, 186 reconceptualization of, 185 Schumpeterian view of, 11, 13 substantive, 102, 105, 122 Democracy, two schools in comparative politics about the notion of, 103 “Procedural” notions, 103-104 “Substantive” notions, 103-104 Democratic Alliance, 75, 88 Democratic consolidation, 105, 190 12 factors that either facilitate or obstruct, 98-99 Democratic governance (Philippines), observations, 33-34 “Democratic method,” 10-11 Democratic transition, models of, 194 elite-bargaining, 194 modernization, 194 structural, 194 Democratic transition, stalled, 102 Democratization, ix-xi, xiii, 2, 95, 104, 172, 188, 195 Democratization process, 61, 185-186 Democratization, stalled, 98 “Democratizers,” 191 Civil society, 191 Decentralization, 191 Democratizing polities, 185 Department of Agriculture, 116-117 Department of Budget and Management (DBM), 128, 179 Department of Finance (DOF), 169 Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), 170 Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), 115 Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC), 115 Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP), 30 Development and Reform Agenda for 20102013, 155 “Development fund,” 127 Development Fund of Legislators, 115, 117 See also Pork barrel Development planning, 193 Diamond, Larry, 3, 6, 13, 99, 102, 172, 187 DILG See Department of Interior and Local Government Diokno, Benjamin, 180 Diokno, Jose W., Senator, 97 Diokno, Ma. Serena I., 149 “Divided government,” 75 DOF See Department of Finance DOTC See Department of Transportation and Communication DPWH See Department of Public Works and Highways “Dual legitimacies,” 75 “Dysfunctional” democracies, 16, 185 See also Non-democracies E Eastern Samar, 64, 70, 73 Eastern Visayas, 52 Ebdane, Hermogenes Jr., PNP Chief, 86