The Never Ending Democratization of the Philippines 121 phone calls, different groups, civic, business and religious, converged at EDSA protesting the prejudgment by the Senate and calling for the ouster of Estrada. After days of demonstrations at EDSA, the military again intervened and “withdrew its support” for the administration. The impeachment complaint against President Arroyo also dramatized the inability of the impeachment process to make the President accountable. In the first impeachment complaint, she was accused of cheating in the 2004 elections. The evidence was the infamous “Hello Garci” tape where the President allegedly asked “Garci”, Commissioner Virgilio Garcillano of the Commission of Elections, if she could lead her closest rival in the Presidential election by one million votes. The conversation was supposed to prove that President Arroyo manipulated the outcome of the elections. Again, the civic, business and religious groups demonstrated their disgust and called for her resignation. Even the icons of “People Power”—Corazon Aquino and Cardinal Sin—lent their influential voices against President Arroyo. But their call for resignation went unheeded. Moreover, her coalition among the members of the House of Representatives, led by Speaker De Venecia, threw out the complaint by rejecting the tape as illegally obtained and hence, inadmissible as evidence. The call for her resignation from civil society groups continued. Again, in 2006, a faction of the military intervened. Elite units from the Marines and the Scout Rangers Regiment planned to join the march to the EDSA Shrine and announce their “withdrawal of support” from President Arroyo. The group was apparently expecting the surge of civilian support to their cause, reminiscent of EDSA 1 and 2. But the National Capital Region Command of the Armed Forces and the National Police confined them to quarters, and prevented their civilian supporters from converging at the EDSA Shrine through the dispersal of the marchers and the warrantless arrests of their leaders. This was justified by the government by declaring a state of emergency. No impeachment complaint against President Arroyo ever prospered because of her solid support from the majority of the members of the House of Representatives. Weak Horizontal Accountability and Dominant Delegative Authority: Their Negative Impact on Legitimacy and Performance This study believes that a democratic polity is not limited to “electoral democracy”. While this conceptualization is widely accepted, the significance of policy outcomes which improve the economic and social well-being of the people should be acknowledged as a vital element of the concept (Miranda