211 Index NEDA See National Economic and Development Authority Negros Occidental, 65, 88 Negros Oriental, 67, 71, 166 “Never-ending democratization” process, 185 New Zealand, 5, 122 New Zealand Agency for International Development (NZAID), 88 NGAs See National government agencies NGOs, 142, 157 No election or failure of election (“Noel”), 98 No proclamation of winning candidates (“Noproc”), 98 “Noel,” 98 See also No election or failure of election Non-democracies, 184-185 See also 'Dysfunctional' democracies Non-democratic oligarchy, 184 “Noproc,” 98 See also No proclamation of winning candidates North Cotabato, 87 North, Douglass C., 99 Northern Samar, 72 Norway, viii NSCB See National Statistical Coordination Board Nueva Ecija, 52, 54, 62, 65, 87, 181 Nueva Vizcaya, 64, 73, 87, 166 Nussbaum, Martha, 44 NZAID See New Zealand Agency for International Development O O'Donnell, Guillermo, 3, 6, 9, 11, 14, 23, 32, 44, 48, 85, 101, 102-106, 108, 113, 139, 187-188, 199 Oakwood Mutiny, 98, 110 “Oblique accountability,” 106 Office of the Ombudsman, 27 OFWs See Overseas Filipino Workers Oligarchic elites, vi, 33, 59, 197 Oligarchy of powerful political families, 34-35, 79 The Ombudsman, v, 106, 111, 129 One-term rule for the presidency, 76 Ortega, Joaquin, 66, 88 Osmeña, Sergio, 96 “Overlapping consensus,” 192, 199 Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), 28 remittances from, 123 P “Pabaon,” 111 Paderanga, Cayetano, NEDA Director General, 123 PAGCOR Social Fund See Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation Social Fund, 116 Pagpag (shake, shaken), 45 PAGs See Private Armed Groups Palawan, 54, 70, 87 Palma, Cecilia Munoz, Justice, 112 Pampanga, 62, 71, 73 Panadero, Austere, 163 Pangasinan, 65, 68, 70, 88 Pangilinan, Francis, Senator, 128 Paradox of participation, 152 Paredes, Ruby R., 88 Parity Amendment, 88 Parliamentarism, 179 Parliamentary form of government, 75, 100-101 Participatory governance, 18 Partido Federal, 66, 74 Partido Liberal, 88 Party formation, 74 Party List (PL) system, 75, 77-80, 89, 188 issues, 78-79 Party List elections, 78, 155 Party list groups (PLGs), 154-155 Party switching, 25 Party system, 47, 59, 73-77, 186, 189-190 “Pasalubong,” 111 Pateman, Carole, 4, 7 Patrimonial oligarchic state, 181 Patrimonialism, 101 Patronage, 51-52, 54, 59, 61 Patronage networks, 73, 193 Patronage politics, 127 PBAC See Pre-Qualification, Bids and Awards Committee PCIJ See Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism PCOS See Precinct Count Optical Scan PCS See Philippine Computer Society