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Chasing the Wind: Assessing Philippine Democracy
private sector, a number of whom have also extended their reach into civil
society, have by far more strings to pull in the halls of public policy making
institutions. For civil society, this reality should lead the groups to reflect on an
observation made many times that so far, the triumphs have been much more
evident in the process than in the results (Isberto 1998).
The limits of civil society's reach
Attributing civil society's failure to facilitate substantive political and
economic changes to the callousness of the state may end up to be nothing more
than blame-shifting. Taking the state as necessarily infested with toxins, civil
society must be able to attend to the factors that limit its own strengths, factors
that have been recognized by many leaders and groups within.
The first limitation is that many civil society groups are found to be
“project- oriented.” Though the plethora of activities does indicate the span of
reach of civil society groups, with many of the activities rolled over in the same
communities or replicated in other communities, these initiatives have been
time-bound, oriented towards specific rather than strategic goals, and external
(either from larger NGOs or external funding agencies) fund dependent. One
positive side of project-orientedness is that many of the initiatives that have
clear or tangible outcomes are able to draw greater participation from the
intended public because of the palpable benefits such as access to micro-credit,
potable water, and the rehabilitation of production areas (be these idle lands
taken over for agricultural production, and mangrove areas that are restored to
improve aquatic resource imbalances), among others. We also do recognize
that a number of these CSO projects involve participatory designs, from the
formulation, implementation and monitoring/evaluation of project outcomes.
However, these projects are intrinsically limited as they are difficult to scale
up to link with strategic goals. Further, many development projects are
found to be embroiled in what has been referred to as the paradox of
participation (Cleaver 1999) with the link between project objectives versus
broader goals (e.g., empowerment, popular participation) not clearly
established or clarified among the project participants.
A significant limitation of civil society is its “weight,” measured in
terms of the pool of people that would provide it the muscle to force the state
to act favorably on their advocacy or agenda. Against a state suffering from
inertia, civil society must make its presence felt before politicians who could
only be swayed to act when they know that their political futures are at stake
and when their constituencies are organized and effectively linked with civil
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