The recruitment, harbouring, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by
means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of
deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or
receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over
another person, for the purpose of exploitation shall include at minimum, the exploitation of
the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services,
slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.
Trafficking definition covers the use of minors for commercial sexual activity even if
there is no force, fraud, or coercion. Trafficking also covers people who are held against
their will to pay off a debt; this is known as peonage. A victim’s initial agreement to travel
or perform the labour does not allow an employer to later restrict that person's freedom or
to use force or threats to obtain repayment. Trafficking in persons can be considered from
a number of different perspectives including: human rights; crime control and criminal
justice; migration; and labour. An integrated approach that locates human rights at the core
of all efforts is most desirable as far as the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on
trafficking in persons is concerned and in order to achieve meaningful and sustainable
change in addressing the problem.
Ⅱ. Overview of the Global Problem of Human Trafficking and
the Scale of trafficking of women
Although women as well as men are trafficked, there is a consensus that majority of
victims of trafficking are women. Women and girls are trafficked for forced marriage,
forced prostitution, sexual exploitation and forced labour (including domestic work, working
in factories and mines and other forms of social and economic exploitation). Quality data is
scarce in the field of human trafficking. Existing data are problematic because they often
include smuggled persons, as well as illegal migrants. Another major reason is that victims,
particularly adult victims trafficked for sexual exploitation, rarely report their victimization.
Despite the paucity of quality data and statistical difficulties various organizations or
institutions have tried to estimate the magnitude of the problem. United Nations Office on
Crime and Drugs (UNODC) posits that “Some 2.5 million people throughout the world are
at any given time recruited, entrapped, transported and exploited in a process called human
trafficking...” According to the U.S. Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report
2007, every year some 800,000 women and children are trafficked across national borders,
which does not include the millions trafficked within their own countries. Approximately 80
4 ❙ Seoul International Conference Against Human Trafficking in Migrant Women