country. 2. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 12 states : (1) Everyone lawfully within the territory of a state shall, within that territory, have the right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence. (2) Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own. (3) The above mentioned rights shall not be subject to any restrictions except those which are provided by law, are necessary to protect national security, public order, public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others, and are consistent with the other rights recognized in the present Covenant. (4) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country. 3. Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, Article 5 Criminalization states : (1) Each State Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offenses the conduct set forth in article 3 of this Protocol,[ human trafficking-recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation....] when committed intentionally. 4. ILO Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (No. 182), Article 3, states that the Worst Forms of Child Labor shall include : All forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict; the use, procurement or offering of a child for prostitution, production of pornography or pornographic performances; the use, procurement or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs; work which , by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children. Ⅲ. Other Mechanism 1. National legislation National legislation and other measures are essential tools to equip both government and non-government organizations to carry out their work in preventing and controlling human 90 ❙ Seoul International Conference Against Human Trafficking in Migrant Women