freedoms, while Part 4 of the Constitution under the guiding principles of the State provides directions to the State to work for the upliftment and welfare of women, children, indigenous populations and other exploited classes. 1.1.1 The Situation of Human Rights in Nepal The value of human rights and its area of work has been continuously expanding and becoming more and more dynamic. In order to transform the human rights standards into national laws and make all the countries of the world accountable regarding the protection, promotion and implementation of human rights, international human rights standards have been created by framing various conventions and covenants. As per these international standards, the United Nations carries out regular monitoring of the human rights situation in a country. The United Nations also regularly monitors whether the instruments ratified by the member counties have been implemented or not according to international legal commitments. In this context, Nepal has become a signatory to 18 conventions and covenants, and it has ratified/acceded to 16 of them. After ratifying and becoming a party to international law, the countries have the responsibility of incorporating these legal provisions in national laws and implementing them in totality. They also have to send periodic reports to the concerned committees of the United Nations regarding the state of implementation. The international human rights conventions and covenants to which Nepal is a State party are included in Annex 1. While talking about the human rights situation in Nepal, the implementation aspect of international instruments to which the country has shown its commitment and for protecting and promoting the rights of the people becomes an important concern. In addition, there is the necessity of holding extensive discussions and deliberations at the national level and ratifying various international instruments that can be of assistance in increasing the dignity of the democratic system adopted by Nepal and in fulfilling the present necessities of the country in the context of the ongoing trend of globalization. There is also the necessity of sending to the United Nations Committees the periodic reports necessary in accordance with the various instruments ratified by the government. The Nepalese government, however, has not fulfilled these obligations totally. Thus, there is the necessity of giving special attention to the matter. All the international instruments to which Nepal is a State party are equally important. However, in the context of Nepal, foremost among them are the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Right of the Child, the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. The attempts at incorporating in the domestic laws the provision of international human rights standards to which Nepal has pledged its commitment have only been partially successful. The fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal (1990) have succeeded to a large extent in incorporating the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In case of infringement on the fundamental rights embodied in the constitution of Kingdom of Nepal (1990), there is a provision of reinstating the rights according to Article 23 by adopting the procedures according to Article 88. On the other hand, the