/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u
g} gagfO{ dgkbf]{ d'2fx¿ lkmtf{ ln+b} hfg] k|s[ofn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'2f lkmtf{ lng] / cbfntaf6 bf]ifL
7x/ ePsf d'2fx¿ dfkmL ug]{ gLlt slxNo} :ki6 / Gofo ;Ddt x'g;s]sf] kfOPg . Gofof]lrt cfwf/ /
dfkb08ljgf o;k|sf/ d'2f lkmtf{ lng] sfo{ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o b'j} :t/df ljjfbf:kb x'G5, o:tf sfo{sf]
a}wtfsf] cGt/f{li6«o ck/flws sfGf"sf] cfwf/df hlxn] klg r'gf}lt lbg ;lsG5 .
oxfF of] s'/f :ki6 ug{' klg af~5gLo 5 sL bzaif]{ åGåsfnsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] pNn+3g / åGåsfnkl5sf]
dfgjclwsf/ xgg\ / dfgjtfla?4sf ck/fw;DaGwL b'O k[ys–k[ys cjlwsf d'2fx¿nfO{ la:t[t zflGt;Demf}tf /
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] Pp6} sIfdf /fv]sf] kfOFb}g . t;y{ b'a}y/L d'2fnfO{ ;dfg txdf /fVg] / ;dfg
dfkb08 nfu" ug{ Gofo, ljj]s / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/sf] d"No–dfGotf cg's'n gx'g] :jtM :ki6 5 . /fli6«o
dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] o; ;DaGwdf lglZrt wf/0ff 5 / To; wf/0ff cg'sn @)^# ;fnkl5 g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
g]t[Tj ug]{ g]kfnL sfFu|];, Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / g]skf –Pdfn]_], tLgj6} /fhg}lts bnsf k|wfgdGqLx¿sf] kfndf
d'2f lkmtf{ lng] u/L ePsf lg0f{ox¿ / dfgjclwsf/ xgg\sf] ljjfbdf k/]sf ;'/IffsdL{x¿sf] kbf]GgtL ug]{
sfdx¿ ;d:t dfgjclwsf/sdL{x¿sf] jLrdf ljjfb / lj/f]wsf] ljifo aGb}cfPsf] s'/f ;DdfgLoHo"nfO{ cjut
ePs} x'g'kb{5 . clxn] k'gM tkfO{Fsf] bn – Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{ aLr ePsf]
;Demf}Tffdf 3f]lift p2]Zodf dfcf]jfbL o'4sfn, hgcfGbf]ng, dw]z cfGbf]ng, hghftL cfGbf]ng, blnt cfGbf]ng,
y?x6 cfGbf]ng, lk58f ju{ cfGbf]ng OToflb cfGbf]ngsf qmddf rnfOPsf d'2fx¿ vf/]h ug]{ / dfkmL lbg]
ljifon] dfgjclwsf/ xgg\ / dfgjtflj?4sf] ck/fwsf d'2fx¿ klg ;d]6\g ;Sg] cfz+sfn] o; ljifonfO{
cfof]un] lgs} uDeL/tfsf ;fy lnPsf] 5 . vf;u/L, gful/sx¿sf] ckx/0f lkm/f}tLsf nflu aGws agfpg], xTof,
lx+;f / oftgfsf] ck/fw, JolQmut OjL–cbfjt jf :jfy{ ;lGglxt ck/fw ;d]t lkmtf{ lng' cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo
sfg'g / dfgjclwsf/lj?4 sfds'/f x'G5 . ;Tolg?k0f / d]nldnfk cfof]usf] ;+oGq0ffaf6 lg?k0f ul/g'kg]{ ljifo
g]kfn ;/sf/n] a]jf:tf u/L pk/f]Qm k|s[ltsf dfgjclwsf/la?4sf kmf}hbf/L ck/fwsf d'2fsf lkmtf{ lng] jf
ck/fwLnfO{ dfkmL lbg] u/L ub}{ cfPsf] sfo{sf] a}wtfdf hlxn] klg k|Zg lrGx x'g]5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/tkm{af6 / xfn} klg ;DdfggLoHo"af6 dfgjclwsf/sdL{x¿ ;dIf ;/sf/n] em'7f d'2f lkmtf{
lng nfu]sf] eGg] ljrf/ JoQm ePsf] 5 . s'g} d'2fdf nufPsf] cf/f]k ;a"t k|df0f jf kl/aGbaf6 em"7f x'g\
jf ;fFrf] x'g\ eGg] s'/fsf] lg?k0f g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{ xf] jf Goflos lgsfon] cyjf jt{dfg l:yltdf
lj:t[t zflGt;Demf}tf cGtu{t :yflkt x'g'kg{] ;Tolg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]un] ug]{ xf] < :yflkt
Goflos ;+oGq / cGt/sfnLg Goflos ;+oGqn] lg?k0f ug]{ ljifo x7ft\ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lg?k0f ub{}hfg] xf]
eg] Goflos ;+oGqx¿ /xg' jf v8f ul/g'sf] cf}lrTo g} /xFb}g .
tkfO{n] kbu|x0f ug'{eGbf klxn] b]lvg} pb\3f]lift ;Demf}tfsf] d'2f vf/]h ug]{ / dflkm lbg] pk/f]Qm a"Fbfn]
d'n'sdf dfgjclwsf/sdL{x¿nfO{ :tAw agfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%! n]
u/]sf] dfkmLsf] Joj:yf / ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @( -!_ n] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfb]z
ePdf cbfntsf] d~h'/Ln] ;/sf/L d'2f lkmtf{ lng] / u}/;/sf/L JolQmsf] ;DklQ ;DaGwL s'/f afx]ssf]
d'2f lkmtf{ lng] Joj:yf u/]klg ;DjlGwt k|fjwfgx¿ s'g} zt{aGb]h/lxt x'g' v]bk"0f{ ljifo xf] .
dlGqkl/ifb\n] h'g;'s} cbfnt, ljz]if cbfnt, ;}lgs cbfnt jf cGo s'g} Goflos, cw{ Goflos, k|zf;lgs
clwsf/Ln] u/]sf ;hfonfO{ dfkmL, d'NtjL jf sd ug{ ;Sg]5 eGg] k|fjwfgx¿ s'g} zt{aGb]h/lxt lg/+s'z
5g\ . g]kfn kIf /x]sf] cGt/f{li6«o dfjgclwsf/ dxf;GwLx¿ / ltgdf g]kfnn] cleJoQm u/]sf]
k|lta4tfx¿sf] cyjf ltgsf cGt/lglxt efjgfx¿sf] s'g} pNn]v jf ckfjfb gx'g' / g]kfnsf
cbfntaf6 ;d]t cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08sf] Vofn}} gu/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ d'2f lkmtf{ lng cg'dlt lbg] h:tf
s'/fx¿n] d'n'sdf c/fhstf, b08xLgtf / cfk/flwstfn] k|>o / k|f]T;fxg kfPsf]5 / o; lsl;dsf] ck–
;+:sf/ xfd|f] ;dfhdf :yflkt x'Fb}hfg' lgs} 8/nfUbf] ePsf] 5 .
o;k|sf/, g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ;DjlGwt 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf lj:t[t 5fgljg g} gu/L d'2f lkmtf{ lng] /
cfddfkmL lbg] ;+a}wflgs jf sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿df cf}lrTok"0f{ Pjd\ Gofo;Ddt cGt/f{li6«o
dfgjclwsf/sf d"No–dfGotf cg's'nsf zt{aGb]h sddf klg /xg' kb{5 eGg] cfof]usf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 .
o; ljifodf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo dfgj clwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no
g]kfnn] cfˆgf] wf/0ff ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf] 5 / ;f]sf]] Psk|lt ;DdfggLoHo"sf] hfgsf/Lsf]
nflu o;} ;fy ;+nUg /x]sf] 5 . t;y{, cem} klg g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f kof{Kt 5fgljg g} gu/L xr'jf
cfwf/df d'2f lkmtf{ lng] / ck/flws 7x/ eO;s]sfnfO{ cfddfkmL lbnfpg] ePdf Tof] lgZro klg v]bk"0f{
x'g]5 . o;n] cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo, sfg'gfsf] zf;gk|lt cf:yf /fVg] g]kfnL gful/s ;dfh / ;d:t
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