/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u
53.
54.
u}/ lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ sfo{ b]lvof] . dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg\ ePsf] 36gfsf] 5fgjLgdf ;xof]u gug]{
;+:yf jf kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gstf{sf] ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ clwsf/ klg
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !#@ sf] pkwf/f @ -!_ sf] b]xfo -h_ df / cfof]unfO{ ;xof]u gug]{ kbflwsf/L,
JolQm jf lgsfosf] gfd dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gstf{sf] ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 egL /fli6«o
dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)^* sf] bkmf & -!_ df pNn]v ePsf]n] Wofgfsfif{0f u/fPsf] 5 .
ctM cfof]unfO{ u}/ lhDd]jf/k"0f{ hjfkm n]Vg] ;]gfsf dfgj clwsf/ lgb]{zgfnosf tTsflng
k|d'v tyf lhDd]jf/ ;]gfsf clwsf/Lsf] gfd /]s{8 /fVg ;d]t g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{
lg0f{o eof] .
sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf dfbg s'8f/L uf=lj=;=j8f g+= ^ a:g] k~hfaxfb'/ nfdfnfO{ @)^! c;f]h
!# ut] xftxltof/ ;lxt cfPsf ;]gfn] 3/df 3]/f xfnL uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sfn] bf]ifLnfO{
sf/afxL u/L kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbnfO{ kfpF egL ldlt @)^$.@.^ ut] cfof]udf ph'/L
btf{ x'g cfPsf] b]lvof] . o;df cfof]usf] cg';Gwfgaf6 lgh k~hfjxfb'/ nfdf g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbL_ sf sfo{stf{ /x]sf] b]lvof] . lghnfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfn] lghsf] 3/df 3]/f xfnL uf]nL xfgL
3fOt] agfPsf] / cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf lnO;s]sf] JolQmnfO{ k'gM uf]nL xfgL u}/Goflos xTof u/]sfn]
lghsf] afFRg kfpg] dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g ePsf] b]lvof] . 36gfdf ;+nUg bf]ifL ;'/IffsdL{sf]
klxrfg u/L d'n'sL P]g Hofg;DaGwL dxnadf]lhd sfg'gL sf/afxL ug{ tyf d[tssf
sfg'gadf]lhdsf xsjfnfnfO{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)^* sf] bkmf !^-#_ adf]lhd
¿= tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{ /sd dWo] Ifltk"lt{ jfkt /sd kfPsf] eP ;f] s§f u/L / cl3 Ifltk"lt{
/sd gkfPsf] eP l;kmfl/z eP adf]lhdsf] /sd pknJw u/fpg / /Iff dGqfnosf] k=;+=
sfg'g . )^*÷^( ldlt @)^*÷$÷* sf] kq dfkm{t sfo{/yL ljefu dfgj clwsf/ lgb]{zgfnosf]
k=;+= !$^$$÷# .P. )^*÷^(÷)!÷@) ldlt @)^*÷)$÷# sf] kqnfO{ pw[t ub}{ “;]gf t}gfyL
/x]sf] :yfg, kl/rflnt kmf}h, ;]gfsf] ck/]zg cfb]z / ;f] ;DaGwL lj|lkmË, l8lj|lkmË vl6Psf
sdf08/ ;DaGwL ;"rgf clt ;+j]blzn dfgL To; ;DaGwL ;"rgf cfjZos ;+:yf tyf
kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ dfq} pknJw u/fpg] ljZjsf ljsl;t tyf k|hftflGqs /fi6«x¿df ;d]t
k|rngdf /x]sf]” egL kqaf6 hjfkm lbPsf] b]lvG5 . zflGt sfod ug{sf nflu uf]nL ;d]t xfGg]
clwsf/ b]zsf] sfg'gn] ;'/IffsdL{x¿nfO{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] x'G5 . ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] sfg'gn]
lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L sf/afxL ubf{ gful/ssf] ÆafFRg kfpg]Æ dfgj clwsf/ xgg\ x'g uPsf]
xf] xf]Og < To;sf] 5fgjLg ug{, pNn+3g ePsf] b]lvg cfPdf To:tf ;'/IffsdL{ dfly sf/afxL
ug{ l;kmfl/z ug{ ;+j}wflgs cfof]usf] ¿kdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] u7g ePsf]
;j{ljlbt} 5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg\ eP gePsf] 5fgjLg u/L l;kmfl/z ug]{ Ps dfq clwsf/
;DkGg lgsfo of] cfof]u g} /x]sf] yfxf kfpFbf kfpFb} Ævl6Psf sdf08/Æ ;DaGwL ;"rgf clt
;+j]bgzLn dfgL To; ;"rgf cfjZos ;+:yf tyf kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ dfq} pknJw u/fpg] k|rng
/x]sf] egL kqdf Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L hjfkm lbg' u}/ lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ sfo{ b]lvof] . dfgj clwsf/sf]
xgg\ ePsf] 36gfsf] 5fgjLgdf ;xof]u gug]{ ;+:yf jf kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd dfgjclwsf/
pNn+3gstf{sf] ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ clwsf/ klg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !#@ sf] pkwf/f @ -!_ sf]
b]xfo -h_ df / cfof]unfO{ ;xof]u gug]{ kbflwsf/L, JolQm jf lgsfosf] gfd dfgj clwsf/
pNn+3gstf{sf] ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 egL /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)^* sf] bkmf
&-!_ df pNn]v ePsf]n] Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] 5 . ctM cfof]unfO{ u}/ lhDd]jf/k"0f{ hjfkm n]Vg]
tTsfnLg dfgj clwsf/ lgb]{zgfnosf k|d'v tyf lhDd]jf/ ;]gfsf clwsf/Lsf] gfd /]s{8 /fVg
;d]t g]kfn ;/sf/nfO l;kmfl/z ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .
sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf sf]nfFtL e'Dn' uf=lj=;=j8f g+= $ a:g] lzj axfb'/ kx/L / ZofdsfhL
kx/LnfO{ xftxltof/ ;lxt cfPsf ;]gfn] ldlt @)^)÷(÷@) ut] kqmfp u/L ldlt @)^)÷(÷@*
ut] uf]7kfgL uf=lj=;=sf] 9fF8vs{ e~Hof+udf nuL uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf]n] bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL tyf
kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbnfO{ kfpF egL ldlt @)^$÷@÷^ ut] cfof]udf ph'/Lx¿ btf{ x'g
cfPsf] b]lvof] . o;df cfof]udf cg';Gwfgaf6 lgh lzj jxfb'/ kx/L / ZofdsfhL kx/LnfO{
;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{;s]kl5 sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{sf] ;§f kqmfp
u/]sf] * lbgkl5 sfe|]knfGrf]s lhNnfsf] w';]gL lzjfnosf] 9fF8vs{ eGg] :yfgdf nuL uf]nL xfgL
u}/Goflos xTof u/]sfn] lghx¿sf] afFRg kfpg] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ePsf] b]lvof] . 36gfdf
108