other even in their sleep. 11. Recommendation: Take measures to reduce overcrowding in correctional facilities which is inhumane and degrading treatment. 12. The State/Local Public Officials Act, the Political Parties Act, and the Public Official Election Act prohibit public officials and teachers from engaging in political activities, including political expression, political party membership, and campaigning for election, on the basis that such activities might undermine political neutrality.6 13. Recommendation: Revise the Acts above and relevant laws, not to excessively restrict the political freedom of public officials and teachers. Privacy and Information Rights 14. Under Article 83(3) of the Telecommunications Business Act, courts and investigative agencies may request telecommunications business operators to provide communications data without a warrant, for the purpose of conducting trial or investigation. However, the scope and extent of request are too broad, and a proper system to control pre-and-post procedures does not exist. Procedures to notify users of the use of their personal information are not in place.7 15. Recommendation: Introduce control systems and procedures that prevent investigative agencies from arbitrarily using the information obtained from telecommunications business operators under Article 83(3) of the Telecommunications Business Act. 16. With the development of big data-based artificial intelligence (AI), human rights concerns are escalating, such as invasion of privacy and personal information, surveillance using AI-based technologies, and bias and discrimination resulted from decisions made by AI systems.8 17. Recommendation: Take measures to prevent big data-based AI systems from causing human rights violation and discrimination. International Human Rights Treaties 18. Korea has not acceded to the Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families; the Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance; and five Optional Protocols including those on the abolition of death penalty and the individual complaints under ICESCR.9 The Government views it needs to carefully consider various factors including the consistency with domestic laws and potential social impacts before the accession. 19. Recommendation: Take necessary measures to accede to and ratify the international human rights treaties above and to withdraw reservations from the treaties. 3