Training Module on the Right to Mental Health for Local Health Leaders communal healing ceremonies, mass communication on constructive coping methods, supportive parenting programs, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities, and the activation of social networks such as through women’s groups and youth clubs. iii. Focused, non-specialized support — The third layer represents the support necessary for the still smaller number of people who additionally require more focused individual, family, or group interventions by trained and supervised workers (but who may not have had years of training in specialized care). For example, survivors of gender-based violence might need a mixture of emotional and livelihood support from community workers. This layer also includes psychological first aid (PFA) and basic mental health care by primary health care workers. iv. Specialized services — The top layer of the pyramid represents the additional support required for the small percentage of the population whose suffering, despite the support already mentioned, is intolerable and who may have significant difficulties in basic daily functioning. This assistance should include psychological or psychiatric support for people with severe mental disorders whenever their needs exceed the capacities of existing primary/general health services. Such problems require either (A) referral to specialized services if they exist, or (B) initiation of longerterm training and supervision of primary/general health care providers. Mental Health Treatment Treatment of mental health disorders depends on several factors such as patient characteristics (ex. age, co-morbid medical illness, preference) or type of mental illness and its severity. In many cases, a combination of treatments works best. Sometimes, mental illnesses become so severe that hospitalization is needed. In-patient psychiatric care is generally recommended when a person can’t care for oneself properly or when they are in immediate danger of harming oneself or someone else. For mild mental illnesses with well-controlled symptoms, treatment by a mental health professional can suffice. However, a team approach is often appropriate to make sure all your psychiatric, medical, and social needs are met. This is especially important for severe mental illnesses. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy or talk therapy involves talking about one’s condition and related issues with a mental health professional. During psychotherapy, one learns about your condition and your moods, feelings, thoughts, and behavior. With the insights and knowledge you gain, you can learn coping and stress management skills. 13