socioeconomic background, to facilitate analysis on the situation of all children, and particularly Māori and Pasifika children, children in care, children with disabilities, children living in poverty, refugee, asylum-seeking and migrant children and children in other situations of vulnerability. • Taking urgent measures to address disparities in access to education, health services and a minimum standard of living by Māori and Pasifika children and their families. • Strengthening its measures to combat negative attitudes among the public and other preventive activities against discrimination and, if necessary, taking affirmative action for the benefit of children in vulnerable situations, such as Māori and Pasifika children, children belonging to ethnic minorities, refugee children, migrant children, children with disabilities, lesbian, bisexual, gay, transgender and intersex children and children living with persons from those groups. • • • • • 139 46 Develop a comprehensive strategy to combat abuse and neglect encompassing all children in all settings, with particular attention to Māori and Pasifika children and children with disabilities. Strengthen awareness-raising and education programmes, including campaigns, to prevent and combat child abuse, with the involvement of children, with particular attention to Māori and Pasifika children and children with disabilities. Take the necessary measures to ensure adequate access to health services to all children, including age-appropriate mental health services, with particular attention to Māori and Pasifika children. Take immediate action to reduce the prevalence of preventable and infectious diseases, including by improving housing conditions, especially for Māori, Pasifika and children living in poverty. Ensure that the special vulnerabilities and needs of children, and their views, are taken into account in developing policies or programmes addressing the issues of climate change and disaster risk management, with special attention to groups of children most likely to be affected by climate change, including Māori and Pasifika children and children living in low-income settings. • introduce a systemic approach to addressing child poverty, in particular Māori and Pasifika children, including establishing a national definition of poverty • Take measures to end the overrepresentation of children with disabilities, Māori and Pasifika children in disciplinary processes, including by providing adequate social and psychosocial support to children and only use the disciplinary measure of permanent or temporary exclusion as a means of last resort. • Take the measures necessary to ensure that children from low socioeconomic backgrounds, Māori and Pasifika children have effective access to early childhood care and education. • Invest in the availability and quality of early childhood care and education ensuring that, at a minimum, is free for children from low socioeconomic backgrounds, and that care personnel are adequately trained, including on Māori and Pasifika cultures • Develop a comprehensive, cross-sectorial strategy for the full enjoyment of the rights of Māori and Pasifika children, in close cooperation with them and their communities. • Strengthen its efforts to address the overrepresentation of Māori and Pasifika children and young people in the juvenile justice system, including by improving the police’s cultural capability and by investigating allegations of racial biases. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women139 • Address the working conditions of Māori and Pasifika women, women with disabilities and young women in all areas of employment including through data collection and analysis. • Take measures to reduce poverty and improve the economic empowerment of women, in particular women living in rural areas, Māori, Pasifika, Asian, immigrant, migrant and refugee women and women with disabilities. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Concluding observations on the eighth periodic report of New Zealand 2018 CEDAW/C/NZL/CO/8, Talanoa: Human rights issues for Pacific peoples in Aotearoa New Zealand