enforcer becomes the lawbreaker, the result is an assault on human dignity, on the law itself and on all institutions of public authority. The effects of human rights violations by the police has a multi dimensional impact in eroding public confidence, hampering effective prosecutions in court, isolating the police from the community, resulting in the guilty avoiding sentence, and the innocent being punished. It results in police agencies being reactive, rather than being responsive and preventive in their approach to crime, bringing agents and institutions of public authority into disrepute and even escalating civil unrest at times. Respect for human rights by law enforcement agencies on the other hand, enhances their effectiveness. Where human rights are systematically respected, police officers develop professionalism in their approach in solving and preventing crime and maintaining public order. In this sense, respect for human rights by police is, in addition to being a moral, legal and ethical imperative, also a practical requirement for law enforcement. When the police are seen to respect, uphold and defend human rights, public confidence is built and community cooperation is fostered, legal prosecutions are successful in court and fair administration of justice is served. 1 The police force needs to appreciate, believe and work on the fact that violation of the rights of the individuals is not a requirement for a result oriented performance. Had that been the case, some of the states which have reported the largest number of human rights violations cases in the recent years would not have been high on crime index as well. The Manual has been planned in a manner that it covers the entire gamut of human rights related to policing. The first chapter of the Manual focuses on several issues on police public interface, wherein maximum numbers of human rights violations by police men are reported i.e. Registration of FIRs, Arrest and detention, encounters, handcuffing, rights of women, rights of children, rights of victims and rights of suspects. Chapter two is on Judiciary and Policing - Inclusive of Case Laws. Chapter three discusses National Human Rights Commission Guidelines on policing; Chapter four is on Protection of human rights through scientific investigation, and Need for an attitudinal change in the police officers is the last chapter or Chapter five of the manual. 1 Police and Human Rights - Manual for Police Training – Republic of Macedonia 14 Manual on Human Rights for Police Officers