“Māori women were also disproportionately segregated in the Separates and Management Unit at AWRCF where Māori made up 78% and 75% respectively. Women of European descent made up a mere 4% of women in the Management Unit, with Pacific women making up 18%” In addition to being disproportionately imprisoned, (as noted earlier, 63% of all women in prison, compared to 8.3% of New Zealand’s population), Mäori women were also disproportionately segregated in the Separates and Management Units at AWRCF where Mäori made up 78% and 75% respectively.31 Women of European descent made up a mere 4% of women in the Management Unit, with Pacific women making up 18% (compared to 6% of the prison population). The picture was somewhat different in Intervention and Support Units across the three women’s prisons, where women deemed vulnerable were segregated, and where New Zealand European women made up 33% of all women. Figure 4: Longer segregations by ethnicity and unit type in women’s prisons 80% 56% 75% 70% 60% 50% 45% 44% 44% 40% 30% 18% 20% 10% 4% 5% 0% ISU (protection) Mäori 31 Management (control) Pacific Separates (punishment) NZ European It should be noted that, although neither Christchurch Women’s or Arohata Prison have a designated Management Unit, women can – and are – segregated for very long times in other sites in the prison (mostly the Separates Units) without the levels of oversight necessitated by the design and regulations in an ‘official’ Management Unit. In fact, the three longest segregations (all three over 110 days) were of women classified as ‘Separates’ (two women, both Mäori) and At Risk (one woman, European). 25