Australian Human Rights Commission Information for List of Issues on Australia, 29 September 2017 https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/committees/inquiries/Pages/inquirydetails.aspx?pk=2387#tabreports (viewed 11 September 2017); and Victorian Government, Royal Commission into Family Violence, Report (2016). At http://www.rcfv.com.au/Report-Recommendations (viewed 11 September 2017). 50 As announced in the Liberal Party of Australia, The Coalition’s Policy to Protect the Rights of Older Australians (2016). At www.liberal.org.au/coalitions-policy-protect-rights-older-australians (viewed 11 September 2017). 51 Attorney-General’s Department, National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery 2015–2019 (2014). At http://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/Pages/Australiasresponsetohumantraffic king.aspx (viewed 11 September 2017). 52 Such as the reforms to the Human Trafficking Visa Framework (2015) and Australia’s International Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery (2016). This Human Trafficking Visa Framework reforms included: availability for survivors of slavery and slavery-like practices; enabling recipients to maintain their lawful status; waiving the Newly Arrived Resident’s Waiting Period (which enables recipients to access English classes, social security payments and other services). 53 The Interdepartmental Committee comprises of eleven government agencies that provide oversight of Australia’s response to human trafficking, including the Attorney-General’s Department, Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission, Australian Federal Police, Australian Institute of Criminology, Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, Department of Employment, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Department of Social Services, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet and Fair Work Ombudsman. See Attorney-General’s Department, Australian Government, Australia’s response to human trafficking. At https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/Pages/Australias-response-to-humantrafficking.aspx (viewed 11 September 2017). 54 New offences were created through the Crimes Legislation Amendment (Slavery, Slavery-like Conditions and People Trafficking) Act 2013 (Cth), passed in 2012. The Act amends the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) to introduce offences of servitude (s 270.5), forced labour (s 270.6A), deceptive recruiting for labour or services (s 270.7), forced marriage (s 270.7B), organ trafficking (s 271.7A – 271.7E), and harbouring a victim (s 271.7F). 55 The Crimes Legislation Amendment (Law Enforcement Integrity, Vulnerable Witness Protection and Other Measures) Act 2013 (Cth), extends existing vulnerable witness protections to adult victims of slavery, slavery-like and human trafficking offences, and includes specific protections for witnesses who may be vulnerable due to a particular characteristic such as a disability or their cultural background. The Act also places the burden of proving the defendant was aged 18 or over on the prosecution. 56 The Hon Michael Keenan MP, Minister for Justice, Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Counter Terrorism, and Chris Crewther MP, Federal Member for Dunkley and Chair - Foreign Affairs and Aid Sub-Committee, ‘Proposed new laws to help end modern slavery’ (Media Release, 16 August 2017). At: https://www.ministerjustice.gov.au/Media/Pages/Proposed-new-laws-to-help-end-modern-slavery16-August-2017.aspx 57 Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, United Nations Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, Mission to Australia, (2012), UN Doc A/HRC/20/18/Add.1, para 82 (g). At http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Trafficking/Pages/Visits.aspx (viewed 11 September 2017); Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Trading Lives: Modern Day Human Trafficking (2013). At http://www.aph.gov.au/parliamentary_business/committees/house_of_representatives_committees?url =jfadt/slavery_people_trafficking/report.htm (viewed 11 September 2017). 58 Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission No 23 to Parliamentary Joint Committee on Law Enforcement, Inquiry into Human Trafficking, 4 March 2016. At http://www.humanrights.gov.au/submissions/submission-inquiry-human-trafficking-2016 (viewed 11 September 2017). 59 Unregulated surrogacy arrangements can interfere with a surrogate mother’s right to bodily integrity and to be free from subjection to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or to medical or scientific experimentation without consent. Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission No. 67 to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs Inquiry into the Regulatory and Legislative Aspects of International and Domestic Surrogacy Arrangements, 17 February 2016, 8 [25]-[27]. At http://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=dedb38e1-e23a-44fb99be-9f4bea82f9ba&subId=409138 (viewed 11 September 2017). 60 House of Representatives Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs, Parliament of Australia, Surrogacy Matters (2016). At 23