Contents Acknowledgment of Country ....................................................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................................................ ii Key Terms and Definitions ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Racism in Australia: Recent Trends ................................................................................................................................. 8 The Community Consultation Process ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Approach to Data Analysis .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Key Findings from Consultations ....................................................................................................................................................... 12 What is Racism? .................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 How Racism is Experienced .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Systemic Racism ............................................................................................................................................................... 14 Intersectionality Matters ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Racism in Multicultural Communities ..................................................................................................... 19 Addressing Racism: An anti-racism Framework .......................................................................................... 20 Key Findings from the Survey ............................................................................................................................................................... 24 Conclusion and Recommendations ................................................................................................................................................ 27 References .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Acknowledgements This project would not have been possible without the generosity and wholehearted participation of hundreds of community members who attended the consultations in-person and online, responded to the survey, and shared their stories, ideas and expertise with us. Thank you. We are grateful to the community organisations which put the consultations together. Your expertise, community knowledge and commitment to address racism ensured that every consultation happened the way it should be, with safety and respect for all participants. We thank the Monash University Migration and Inclusion Centre for the expertise and support they provided with the development of the reporting framework, designing the survey, evaluating project proposals and analysing consultation data. The courage to lead was essential for this work to happen. We are thankful to the Australian Human Rights Commission and particularly, to the Race Discrimination team, for leading a national anti-racism initiative. Attachment A: The Community Consultation Process ........................................................................................ 30 Attachment B. Demographic Data from Survey ............................................................................................................ 33