Education, leisure and cultural activities Every child in Australia has the right to an education, to engage in appropriate play and recreational activities and to participate fully in cultural life. Australia falls below the OECD averages for enrolment in early childhood education and care (ECEC).32 Also, only 15% of three-year-olds in Australia participate in a pre-primary education program compared with the OECD average of 68.6%.33 The most recent data of the Australian Early Development Census in 2018 shows that more than one in five (21.7%) Australian children start school developmentally vulnerable.34 This is largely unchanged from the 2015 data. A new Child Care Subsidy to support the attendance of children at early education and care services was introduced in July 2018.35 There are serious concerns that many vulnerable and disadvantaged children are no longer accessing quality early childhood education and care services because of the changes, particularly for single parents and parents whose employment is insecure or unpredictable.36 19