Part I International laws and mechanisms Photo by Richard Messenger. 3.1. Regular system of supervision According to the ILO, “the regular system of supervision is based on the examination by two ILO bodies of reports on the application in law and practice sent by member States and on the observations on these matters sent by workers’ organizations and employers’ organizations.”117 After ratification of ILO conventions, member States are required to submit their reports to the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEACR), which is composed of 20 independent experts chosen from across geographic regions. The reporting obligations of ILO member States include an: • obligation to report on ratified conventions • obligation to report on unratified conventions • obligation to report on recommendations.118 Periodic reports submitted by governments are considered by the CEACR, which provides comments in the form of “observations” and “direct requests”. Observations are comments on fundamental questions raised by the application of a particular convention, and which are published in the Annual Report, while direct requests are technical in nature and communicated directly to member States. 117 “ILO supervisory system/mechanism”; ILO; see: www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/how-the-ilo-works/ilo-supervisory-systemmechanism/lang--en/index.htm. 118 ILO Constitution; articles 22, 19(5e) and 19(6d). Chapter 4: The International Labour Organization and migrant workers | 47