the sector with near about 5,000 garments employs above 4 million workers and of whom 80%
are women, mostly from poor rural households.15 The sector is estimated to support an additional
8 million tertiary jobs. In case of national politics, out of 300 members in the Parliament, an
estimated 60 percent are directly or indirectly involved in the RMG industry or related business.
Analysts say 31 members of the Parliament amounting to more than 10 percent of the country’s
national legislators, directly own garment factories, while others have indirect financial interests
in the industry.16 There are about three thousand owners of five thousand garment industrial units
in the country. This has been turned into a boon for the country and has a greater potential than
any other sector in terms of employment and foreign exchange earnings to reduce poverty and
make a contribution to the national economy.
9. Constitutional Framework of Labour Rights
Like other countries the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh of 1972
(Bangladesh Constitution) possesses several rudimentary rights for the working masses and
labourers. Part two of the Constitution titled as Fundamental Principles of the State Policy
(FPSP), and more specifically article 14 has articulated the provision of emancipation of peasants
and workers entailing the responsibility of the state for the personal, economic, social
emancipation of toiling masses including peasants and workers as well as backward sections of
the people from all forms of exploitation. Article 20 mentions that work is a right of every citizen
capable of working and he or she shall be paid for considering his or her abilities to increase
creative endeavour and human personality. It has also imposed responsibility to the state for
adopting steps and standards recognising all forms of human labours ranging from intellectual to
physical one.17 It is notable that every citizen of Bangladesh has the right to choose his or her
15
Committee on Foreign Relations, US Senate ‗Workers Safety and Labour Rights in Bangladesh‘s Garment
Sector, 113th Congress, 1st Session, November 22, 2013: 5.
16
Yardley, Jim, Garment Trade Wields Power in Bangladesh, The New York Times, July 24, 2013 <
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/25/world/asia/garment-trade-wields-power-in-bangladesh.html?_r=0> accessed
on May 28, 2014.
17
Article 20(1) of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh (Constitution of Bangladesh).