Contents
Introduction:........................................................................................................ 5
Chapter One: Development of NIHR’s Work .................................................... 7
First Topic - Legal Framework of the National Institution for Human Rights’
Work................................................................................................................ 8
Second Topic - Organizational Structure of the National Institution for Human
Rights ............................................................................................................ 17
Chapter Two: Progress Achieved in Human Rights Situation in the Kingdom of
Bahrain ............................................................................................................. 26
First Topic - Follow-up on the NIHR’s Recommendations Contained in its
Annual Reports for the Years 2018 and 2019 ............................................... 27
Second Topic - Digital Transformation in Government Services and its Impact
on the Situation of Human Rights ................................................................. 69
Chapter Three: Major Issues that have a Direct Impact on the Human Rights
Situation in the Kingdom of Bahrain ................................................................. 93
First Topic - The Right to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard
of Health (the Right to Health) ....................................................................... 94
Second Topic - The Right to Communicate with the Outside World .......... 111
Third Topic - The Right to Physical and Mental Integrity ........................... 122
Fourth Topic -The Right to an Adequate Standard of Living (the Right to
Work) .......................................................................................................... 136
Fifth Topic - The Right to Recognition of Legal Personality (the Right to a
Nationality) .................................................................................................. 146
Chapter Four: Efforts and Activities of the National Institution for Human
Rights in the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights in the Kingdom of
Bahrain ........................................................................................................... 156
First Topic - Efforts Exerted by the NIHR in the Field of Protecting Human
Rights .......................................................................................................... 157
Second Topic - NIHR’s Efforts to Promote Human Rights ........................ 207
Chapter Five: Advisory Opinions Submitted by the National Institution for
Human Rights to the Constitutional Authorities .............................................. 272
First Topic - Advisory Opinions Submitted by the National Institution for
Human Rights to the House of Representatives ..................................... 274
Second Topic - Advisory Opinions Submitted by the National Institution for
Human Rights to the Shura Council ............................................................ 293
Ninth Annual Report of the NIHR
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