d. Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 71
2.
Analysis of the Government’s Fulfillment of Its CEDAW State Obligation ........... 71
1)
Has the government eliminated public and private direct or indirect discrimination
against women? Has it changed gender stereotypes and prejudice? Has it prevented
discrimination or harm to women by third parties?....................................................... 71
a. CEDAW’s state obligation includes the duty to respect, protect, fulfill, and
promote .................................................................................................................... 72
b. Agencies’ failure to determine discrimination based on CEDAW’s definition of
discrimination........................................................................................................... 75
c. Preventing discrimination or harm to women by third parties; inadequate
protection.................................................................................................................. 77
d. The current Gender Equality in Employment Act does not allow unions to file
complaints as complainants...................................................................................... 78
e. The government has not formulated guidelines to help employers and employees
understand human rights and avoid discrimination, making it difficult to realize
women’s equal rights ............................................................................................... 79
f. Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 81
2)
Did the government take all appropriate measures to ensure that both men and
women have the same health and safety working conditions? ...................................... 81
a. International human rights conventions require the fulfillment of state
obligations ................................................................................................................ 82
b. Current actions taken by government entities ..................................................... 82
c. Steps should be taken to ensure better safety and health and equality for cabin
crew .......................................................................................................................... 83
d. Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 84
VI.
1.
Conclusion and Recommendations ............................................................................... 85
Taiwanese airline cabin crew dress codes constitute gender discrimination
prohibited by CEDAW ............................................................................................. 85
2.
Gender-specific dress codes can lead to the exclusion of women and individuals
with different gender identities from the labor market, or result in disadvantages
within the labor market. ........................................................................................... 87
3.
The government has failed to take immediate and appropriate measures to prevent
female cabin crew from being subjected to third-party discrimination and to actively
promote gender equality. .......................................................................................... 89
4.
The NHRC recommends that the government refer to the provisions of CEDAW
when applying the Gender Equality in Employment Act......................................... 90
ii