CONTENTS PREFACE Mr. Justice Arun Mishra Chairperson, NHRC FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK Shri Bharat Lal Secretary General, NHRC 1. Right to Development in International Law: A Human Rights-Based Approach 01 D. P. Verma 2. Fundamental Duties in Indian Constitutional History 21 Sudhir Krishnaswamy 3. Prevailing Challenges in Access, Digital Divide, and Language of Instruction in School Education 39 Anita Karwal, Rajnish Kumar and Rashi Sharma 4. Safeguards for the Protection of the Rights of Children Born from Surrogacy Arrangements 65 Geeta Narayan 5. Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Era: New Sense or Nuisance to Privacy 83 S. Surya Prakash 6. Expanding Horizon of Human Rights Identification and State’s Response-Future of Human Right 93 Ashutosh Kumar 7. Combatting Csam Through Laws And International Cooperation 103 N. S. Nappinai 8. Environment, Development, Human Rights and Climate Change in India: A Comprehensive Analysis 125 Niranjan Dev Bharadwaj Journal of the National Human Rights Commission, Vol. 22, 2023 iii