lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf @)^# ;fn h]7 dlxgf leq ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ k|lta4tf
hgfPtfklg pNn]lvt ldltleq lgjf{rg x'g ;s]g . To;}u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^# c;f/df @)^$
;fn d+l;/ ^ ut] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ u/L ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wg u/]sf] lyof] . o;/L dfgj
clwsf/sf] If]qdf pNn]lvt ;sf/fTds sfo{x? ePtfklg Jofks ?kdf dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g tyf
HofbtLx? klg ePsf 5g\ . h;sf] af/]df o;kl5 qmdz rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
cfly{s jif{ @)^#÷^$df g]kfnL hgtfsf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf] cj:yf Hofb} gfh"s aGg k'Uof] .
/fHo, g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_, hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQmdf]rf{ -Hjfnfl;+x tyf uf]Ot ;d"x_, dw]zL hgclwsf/
kmf]/d nufot t/fOdf ;z:q cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf cGo ;d"xx? / c1ft ;d"x ;d]taf6 dflg;sf] afFRg
kfpg] clwsf/ k|efljt x'g k'Uof] . o; cjlwdf g]kfn ;/sf/, g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_, dw]zL hgclwsf/
kmf]/d, cGo ;z:q ;d"x, k|ltsf/ ;ldlt, c1ft JolQm jf ;d"xaf6 ;d]t !#* JolQmsf] xTof ePsf]
kfOof] . To;}u/L adljikmf]6gdf k/L @$ hgf JolQmx? dfl/Psf lyP . ;z:q ;d"x tyf cfGbf]ngsf]
sf/0f ljif]z u/L t/fO{ If]qdf JolQm xTofsf 36gfx? j[l4 ePsf 5g\ . o;/L ljleGg /fli6«o tyf
cGt/fli6«o sfg"gL k|fjwfg ljk/Lt dflg;sf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf] xgg\ ePsf] 5 .
o; cjlwdf oftgf, s'6lk6 tyf cdfgjLo Jojxf/ u/]sf 36gfx? klg ;fj{hlgs ePsf lyP .
;dfrf/ ;+sngsf] qmddf ;'/IffsdL{n] af/f lhNnfsf kqsf/nfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf], ljleGg lx/f;tdf
/flvPsf JolQmx?nfO{ k|x/Ln] oftgf lbPsf], ;'/IffsdL{af6 ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfx?nfO{ s'6lk6 ug]{ u/]sf]
kfOof] . To;}u/L ljleGg ju{ tyf ;d'bfon] ljleGg dfu /fvL u/]sf] cfGbf]ngx? lgoGq0f ug]{ qmddf
ljleGg JolQmx?nfO{ s'6lk6 u/L 3fOt] agfPsf] kfOof] .
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] eft[;+u7g of]Ë sDo'lgi6 lnu-jfO;LPn_sf sfo{stf{af6 zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug]{
gfddf sfg"g cfˆgf] xftdf lnO ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfg ug]{, JolQmut em}emu8f ldnfpg], hah{:tL rGbf
c;'Ng] ljleGg axfgfdf ljleGg k]zf, Joj;foL nufotsf ;j{;fwf/0f JolQmx?nfO{ s'6lk6 ug]{ u/]sf]
kfOof] . km/s /fhgLlts ljrf/ /fVg] kf6L{x?n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{qmddf jfO;LPn nufot cGo
/fhgLlts kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x? ;d]tn] /fhgLlts sfo{qmd ug{ glbg] / g]tfx?dfly s'6lk6 ug{]{ /
sfnf]df];f] bNg] h:tf cdfgjLo sfo{ ePsf] lyof] . o;sf cltl/St g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ sfo{stf{af6
s}nfnL, s~rgk'/ nufotsf lhNnfx?df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L, lhNnf lzIff
clwsf/L dfly ePsf s'6lk6, wDsL tyf xftkft ug]{ h:tf sfo{n] sfg"gL zf;gsf]] pkxf; ePsf] lyof]
.
o; cjlwdf ;'/IffsdL{, g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ / cGo kIfaf6 ;d]t ljleGg JolQmx?nfO{ wDsL lbg] sfo{
ePsf] kfOof] . s]xL :yfgdf ;'/IffsdL{af6 klg ;j{;fwf/0f JolQmnfO{ wDsL lbPsf] kfOof] . o;
cjlwdf ;'/IffsdL{af6 kqmfp u/L a]kQf agfPsf] ;DaGwdf cfof]udf hfgsf/L k|fKt ePg . oBlk
;z:q åGåsf] ;dodf ;'/IffsdL{af6 kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] elgPsf ;DaGwdf cfof]udf ph'/Lx? btf{
x'g cfPsf lyP . zflGt ;Demf}tfdf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ b'j} kIfåf/f cfˆgf sAhfdf /x]sf
dflg;x?sf] af/]df !% lbgleq ;fj{hlgs u/L ;a}nfO{{ d'Qm ug]{ / j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx?sf] tyf
o'4sf] ;dodf dfl/Psfx?sf] jf:tljs gfd, y/ / 3/sf] 7]ufgf ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ^) lbgleq
;"rgfx? ;fj{hlgs u/L kl/jf/hgnfO{{ ;d]t hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]tfklg xfn
;Dd b'j}kIfaf6 a]kQf JolQmx?sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .