Pillar 2: Corporate responsibility to respect human rights The second pillar is grounded on the "do-noFigure 4: Three business harm" principle, which means avoiding impacts human rights scenarios causing or exposing people to risks through Contribute to an impact our actions. It is also based on businesses' role either directly as social institutions, thereby making them or through An impact external societal organs accountable to the whole can be linked entities Cause an to its operations, society. This pillar focuses on the business impact through products, or its own sector's responsibility to respect human rights services through activities and A corporation its business decisions in all of its activities in all situations.31 The relationships may be UNGP-BHR identifies three scenarios in which involved with adverse human businesses may cause or contribute to adverse rights impacts 32 impacts (See Figure 4). The business commitment to respect human rights and observe due diligence should be viewed as an ongoing process, recognizing how risks may evolve.33 The UNGP-BHR provides that businesses must:    Identify, prevent, mitigate, and address adverse impacts on human rights violations throughout their operations and value chains, which includes their business activities, business relationships, and networks;34 Know and show that they respect human rights through practicing human rights due diligence, which includes assessing their actual and potential adverse human rights impacts, addressing the findings from the field,35 tracking the progress of these case studies, and public reporting on how they intend to address the issues;36 and Consult with external "credible, independent experts, including from Governments, civil society, national human rights institutions, and relevant multi-stakeholder initiatives" to remediate negative impacts.37 Pillar 3: Access of victims to remedy The UNGP-BHR cannot stand and will not be instructive in addressing the impacts without remediation. Individuals whose rights have been violated by abuses arising from corporate activities have the right to a remedy. The UNGP-BHR underscores both judicial38 and nonjudicial mechanisms for redress.39 For this pillar, the UNGP-BHR sets out ways that States and businesses should pursue to ensure access of victims to remedy, which are as follows:    The State must take appropriate actions to ensure that effective judicial and nonjudicial mechanisms and adequate assistance—both legal and practical—for victims of human rights abuses in the corporate setting are in place;40 Non-State-based remediation mechanisms should effectively complement Statebased mechanisms. These can be grievance or complaints mechanisms at the operational level, industry level, and international level; and Businesses must provide operational-level grievance mechanisms (OGMs)41 and, in cases where there is an alleged human rights abuse, enterprises are to cooperate with judicial mechanisms.42 8