Baseline Study on the Philippine Penal Conditions: Nurturing o Human Rights Based Approach to Penal Management .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................• engagement with the other penal agencies of the country. For example, most Bl detainees are transferred to the BuCor prisons prior to their deportation to their countries of origin, and most insurgents and terrorists, who were initially held in AFP holding cells, are transferred to the BJMP Jails I Provincial Jails and BuCor prisons. Additionally, the long duration of the trial process, w here it t akes years for a case to be decided upon by the local courts, inadvertently turns the Bl and AFP Det ention Centers into longterm places of incarceration, which make them indistinguishable from the other "detention facilities" , " jails", and "prisons." In summary, there must be a conscious effort to distinguish between " detention centers", "jails", and "prisons" . Lumping them together in one category betrays their differences in terms of mandates, type of inmates under their care, and the department or bureau having superv ision over them. Grouping them together also presupposes that the standards, policies, procedures, and practices are similar between and among agencies, which, in fact, they are not, and still to be desi red. W hile there are some similarities, especially in the type of structural problems they face and the informal practices that had evolved through time, the penal facilities, even within a particular agency, are unique. For example, the conditions, dynamics, and cultural practices of the Quezon City Jail is quite different from those emerging in the Manila City Jail. even if both facilities are managed by the BJMP. TABLE 2. Penal agencies, their specific clients, and prescribed and actual length of stay 8 Dutybearers Type of PDLs Prescribed length of stay Average length of stay; maximum recorded Philippine National Police Inmates under investigation 36 hours One months; two years National Bureau of Investigation Inmates under Investigation 36 hours Three months; three years Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Inmates under investigation 36 hours One month; 6 months Bureau of Immigration Foreign nationals in conflict with Philippine laws Until the case is decided upon by the courts 8 months; three years Armed Forces of the Philippines Charged with security offense Until case is decided upon by the courts No data Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Inmates undergoing trial and those sentenced with 3 years and below Until the case is decided by the courts and/ or service of sentence 1 year and 5 months; 19 years Provincial Governments Inmates undergoing trial and those sentence with 3 years and below Until the case is decided by the courts and/ or service of sentence No data Bureau of Corrections Inmates convicted with a penalty of more than three years Upon service of sentence 12 years; 40 years -- Data collected by the author from various workshops, focus group discussion , and documentary reviews. See for example, Narag Report on the conditions of the Bureau of Corrections submitted to the Department of Justice (2014). 11