and constrained from practicing their traditional customs. The standard of living inside the Haran Compound, as appraised by the Commission, was sub-human. While seemingly “safe” and housed in improvised shelters, they were cramped in narrow spaces and were constantly exposed to the elements amid changing weather conditions. The facilities were poor or inadequate. The number of toilets was disproportionate to the Lumad’s number, and bathing facilities were set-up without regard for privacy. Poor sanitation and lack of garbage/waste disposals in the area contributed to the stench which permeated the Compound. Most children were not bathed, had “sunken” eyes and dry skin. Most had dirty clothes, if they were wearing clothes at all. a. Development Rights – The encampment did not provide adequate resources and facilities necessary for the mental, spiritual, moral, social and psychological growth and development of the children. Article 23 of the UNCRC stipulates the right to special care, education, and training of children with special needs. Article 28 provides for the right to education and Article 31, to leisure, play, and rest. b. Right to Education – While most of the 392 indigenous children were with their parents, their education in the original communities where they belong (Talaingod and Kapalong in Davao del Norte; San Fernando and White Kulaman, Kitaotao in Bukidnon) was disrupted. The children had to make do with “improvised classrooms,” including the “multigrading” or the “collapsing” of five grade levels to two, due to lack of teachers (e.g., Grades 1-3 and 4-5). The usual six-to-sevenhour a day schedule in a regular school was reduced. Needless to state, multigrading affects the quality of education. The team observed two ongoing classes conducted under a tree. Each “class” composed of 25-30 children was taught by one teacher. The classes were exposed to anyone passing by within the Compound. Children had no individual tables and chairs, and each class only had a small blackboard. c. Play and Rest – The Compound hardly had space for almost 400 children to roam around and freely play inside. An art session conducted by the Commission was a welcome respite for the children as they were able to feel a sense of normalcy. Nineteen children elaborately drew their community, their homes, a big basketball court, and green, spacious playground. Most of them requested the team to come back and that they be allowed to “draw and color” again. d. Newborns – The Commission noted the presence of newborn babies inside Haran. While mothers were breastfeeding, it was uncertain whether the babies were given the prompt and special care needed, such as pre-natal and post-natal baby screening, immunization, and proper hygiene and sanitation. The encampment inside the poorly equipped Compound certainly had adverse effects on the physical, mental, emotional, and moral development of children. 124. Section 25 of IPRA provides a clear legal foundation for the protection of indigenous entitlement to basic social services: 29