sporadic, small-scale, and involved only very few communities. But, massive or not, the fact remains that some Lumad were internally displaced. 95. From testimonies gathered during the hearings and executive sessions, it appears that one reason for the evacuation of some Lumad from their ancestral lands is the need to escape from military and paramilitary harassment. Of particular note is the statement of Datu Ginom and Datu Kaylo that, when the military encamped in their community, the time that they were allowed to work in their fields was limited to only two hours. Tension pervaded their area, forcing them to leave and seek refuge in Haran. 96. Others left because of red-baiting and military harassment arising from suspicions of their being supporters of the NPA or of being forced to be integrated into the Alamara. 97. On the other hand, it cannot also be denied that NGO members, capitalizing on the poverty of the IPs, misled some of the latter into joining the evacuation to Haran with promises of sacks of rice, cash, and farm implements, among others. 98. In its 2014 report on the HR situation in the Philippines, the US State Department made reference to the assessment of the Internal Displacement Monitoring Center, an NGO, which surmised that some internally displaced people remain in evacuation centers because they have better access to basic facilities and livelihood opportunities than in their home areas.96 This is especially true in sites of violent conflicts or armed encounters impinging upon their exercise of self-determination. To the Lumad, as to other IPs outside Mindanao, their ancestral domains are the resource base for their sustenance. Unable to control the situation in their lands, their livelihood is adversely affected. Flight then becomes a “forced” recourse. 99. Whether massive or not, the exodus of some Lumad from their ancestral lands is a manifestation of their dire situation. Displacement is also clearly an issue of food security, a right guaranteed under the UNICESCR, as much as it is an issue of personal security, a right guaranteed under the UNICCPR. 100. The Commission recognizes that displacement also affects IPs’ exercise of the right to self-determination and a host of other rights that come with it. Article 1 of the UNICCPR, as well as Article 1 of the UNICESCR, specifically provide for the right of all peoples to self-determination, including the right to determine their political status and economic, social, and cultural development. International law obliges every State to acknowledge that the right to lands, territories, and natural resources is the basis for their collective survival and is, thus, inextricably linked to their right to self-determination.97 Removed from their ancestral domains, the 96 Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, US State Department, Philippines 2013 Human Rights Report in Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013, 2013, at 22, accessed from www.state.gov/documents/organization. 97 Erica-Irene A. Daes, An overview of the history of Indigenous Peoples: self-determination and the United Nations, 21: 1 CAMB. REV INT’L AFF. 7, 8 (2008). 23