MARJINALISASI HAK POLITIK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS Demikianlah komitmen dasar ajaran Islam yang lahir dan dicetuskan, dua belas abad sebelum diumumkannya The Declaration of Independence (4 Juli 1776) yang mengajarkan: that all men are created equal (semua manusia diciptakan sama), dan tiga doktrin Revolusi Perancis yang terkenal: liberte, egalite, et fraternite (1798), artinya kemerdekaan, persamaan dan persaudaraan. Begitu pun hak-hak asasi manusia yang diumumkan PBB pada bulan Desember 1948. (Nazaruddin Razak, 1993: 28-29) Berdasarkan justifikasi filosofis dan religius tersebut di atas, maka teranglah jika manusia tanpa terkecuali merupakan makhluk yang mempunyai kedudukan yang sangat tinggi dan mulia. Dibanding dengan makhluk lain, hanya manusia yang mempunyai kedudukan seperti itu lantaran di dalam dirinya, melekat seperangkat hak dan kewajiban yang harus dihormati dilindungi dan dipenuhi oleh siapa pun. Dalam konteks formal, organisasi, negara, pemerintah, atau kelompok apa pun mengemban kewajiban untuk mengakui, menghormati, dan melindungi HAM pada setiap manusia tanpa kecuali. Ini berarti bahwa HAM harus selalu menjadi titik tolak dan tujuan dalam penyelenggaraan kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara. Hal ini tidak lain merupakan amanat dari Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) yang ditetapkan majelis umum PBB pada tanggal 10 Desember 1948, di Paris, Perancis. Pada bagian mukadimah UDHR antara lain dikemukakan: “Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people. Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law. Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations. Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom. Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge. Now, therefore, The General Assembly, proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all 8