Australian Human Rights Commission Information for LOI – Australia, 29 August 2016 (2013). At http://unhcr.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/23Oct2013_ManusMonitoringVisit.pdf (viewed 29 August 2016); Robert Cornall, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre (Department of Immigration and Border Protection, 23 May 2014). At https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/reviews-and-inquiries/review-robertcornall.pdf (viewed 29 August 2016); United Nations Committee against Torture, Concluding observations on the combined fourth and fifth periodic reports of Australia, UN Doc CAT/C/AUS/CO/45 (23 December 2014), 6. At http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CAT/C/AUS/CO/45&Lang=En (viewed 29 August 2016); Philip Moss, Review into recent allegations relating to conditions and circumstances at the Regional Processing Centre in Nauru (Department of Immigration and Border Protection, 6 February 2015). At https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/reviews-and-inquiries/reviewconditions-circumstances-nauru.pdf (viewed 29 August 2016); Juan E. Méndez, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Observations on communications transmitted to Governments and replies received, United Nations Human Rights Council, 28th sess, Agenda Item 3, UN Doc A/HRC/28/68/Add.1 (5 March 2015). At http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session28/Documents/A_HRC_28_68_Ad d.1_en.doc (viewed 29 August 2016); Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs References Committee, Parliament of Australia, Incident at the Manus Island Detention Centre from 16 February to 18 February 2014 (December 2014) 37–54. At http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Legal_and_Constitutional_Affairs/ Manus_Island/~/media/Committees/Senate/committee/legcon_ctte/Manus_Island/Report/report.pdf (viewed 29 August 2016); Select Committee on the recent allegations relating to conditions and circumstances at the Regional Processing Centre in Nauru, Parliament of Australia, Taking responsibility: Conditions and circumstances at Australia's Regional Processing Centre in Nauru (August 2015) 59–86. At http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Regional_processing_Nauru/Regi onal_processing_Nauru/~/media/Committees/nauru_ctte/Final_Report/report.pdf (viewed 29 August 2016).; Elizabeth Elliott and Hasantha Gunasekera, The health and well-being of children in immigration detention: Report to the Australian Human Rights Commission – Monitoring Visit to Wickham Point Detention Centre, Darwin, NT (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2016) 12. At https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/asylum-seekers-and-refugees/publications/health-and-wellbeing-children-immigration (viewed 29 August 2016). 106 As indicated by a comparison of the issues raised in the documents referred to above. 107 For example, interviews and assessments conducted by the Commission in November 2015 with children and families who had been subject to third country processing in Nauru revealed high levels of trauma and developmental risk amongst these children. See Elizabeth Elliott and Hasantha Gunasekera, The health and well-being of children in immigration detention: Report to the Australian Human Rights Commission – Monitoring Visit to Wickham Point Detention Centre, Darwin, NT (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2016). At https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/asylumseekers-and-refugees/publications/health-and-well-being-children-immigration (viewed 29 August 2016). 108 See Fethi Mansouri and Stephanie Cauch, ‘The psychological impact of extended temporary protection’ (2006) 23 (2) Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees 81; Shakeh Momartin et al, ‘A comparison of the mental health of refugees with temporary versus permanent protection visas’ (2006) 185 (7) Medical Journal of Australia 357; Zachary Steel et al, ‘Two year psychosocial and mental health outcomes for refugees subjected to restrictive or supportive immigration policies’ (2011) 72 Social Science and Medicine 1149. 109 For example, family visa applications lodged by permanent visa holders who arrived in Australia by boat receive the lowest processing priority. See Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Fact sheet – Processing priorities for family stream migration (n.d.). At https://www.border.gov.au/about/corporate/information/fact-sheets/37processing (viewed 29 August 2016). 110 Australian Government, National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery 2015-2019 (Attorney-General’s Department, 2015). At https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/Pages/Australias-response-to-humantrafficking.aspx (viewed 29 August 2016). 111 This visa framework reforms included: making it available for survivors of slavery and slavery-like practices; enabling recipients to maintain their lawful status; waiving the Newly Arrived Resident’s Waiting Period, which enables recipients to access English classes, social security payments and other services. 36