Monitoring the broad human rights situation in a particular region of a country. Monitoring the human rights situation can also include the human rights situation of certain groups of people such as women, children, people with disabilities, indigenous peoples or refugees and asylum seekers. Monitoring certain human rights issues (civil, political, economic, social or cultural). Monitoring human rights compliance in connection with specific events such as political protests, demonstrations and general elections. Figure 4.1. Four Human Rights Situations that Can Be Used as a Focus for Monitoring In addition to monitoring, Komnas HAM RI has a mediation mandate. The mediation mandate is directed at efforts to resolve human rights incidents by ensuring a balance of power between the parties so that a sense of justice can be achieved (OHCHR, 2010). The monitoring of human rights situation and mediation are key roles of the Commission in accordance with Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. 4.2. Realization of Complaint Management by the Complaint Service Working Group The Commission articulates the mandate of enforcing human rights through monitoring and mediation functions. These two functions are then supported through receiving and servicing public complaints regarding various alleged human rights violations. The reception and service of public complaints submitted to the Commission illustrates the situation and patterns of human rights violations that occur in Indonesia. Patterns of human rights violations include, among other things, regional distribution, rights violated, perpetrators of human rights violations, and classification of victims of human rights violations. A. Reception and Consultation of Public Complaints During 2023, the Commission, through the Complaints Service, received 5,301 complaint files of alleged human rights violations originating from all regions in Indonesia and abroad. Based on the total complaint files, there were 2,753 cases of alleged human rights violations reported by the public. Comparison of the number of files and complaints received can be seen through diagram below. Responding To New Challenges: Respecting, Protection, And Fulfillment Of Human Rights In 2023 69