lence, and widespread environmental degradation in Papua. At the same time, the human rights agenda must also compete with economic politics, especially infrastructure development (or investment), which is manifested through the National Strategic Project (PSN) and the new Capital (IKN). Protection of human rights and its supporting environment is only embraced if it does not conflict with economic calculations and economic development priorities which have become the Government’s mantra. The accelerated realization of development priorities has placed corporations as dominant actors in the configuration and reconfiguration of development policies, laws, and programs which have the potential to give rise to impunity for corporations. This situation has implications for human rights and environmental issues that have not been paid attention to by the Government. A series of legislative products actually negate the protection of human rights and the environment. The implementation of the Omnibus Law has become a mode to legalize the ease of investment permits, but has neglected to strengthen sustainability resilience and protect human rights. Extractive politics through the natural resource downstream program which is part of the development agenda shows that the Government does not have extractive capabilities. The impact of down-streaming gives rise to agrarian conflicts, massive environmental damage and human rights violations. At another point, Komnas HAM RI must also reach out to cases that have a transnational dimension as a result of globalization and mobilization, such as cases of refugees and human trafficking. This contestation between agendas results in the policy contradictions which have implications for Komnas HAM RI’s efforts to interpret its mandate to promote and protect human rights. This implication cannot be separated from the characteristics of human rights activism which leads to human rights claims and demands for redress as a result of human rights violations that have occurred. Human rights claim that lead to restoration intersect with viii the mandate of the Commission. At the same time, the Commission has limited authority and resources in covering cases of human rights violations. In this context, the Commission tries to determine strategic issues as a manifestation of reading the global human rights situation and the national human rights situation. Based on these strategic issues, the Commission tries to put new human rights challenges throughout 2023 into perspective as a basis for formulating strategies and designing institutional activities. This perspective is directed at strengthening the realization of the strategic issues of Komnas HAM RI. Based on these strategic issues and perspectives, the activities of Komnas HAM RI throughout 2023 are well summarized. These series of activities are efforts to realize the mandate of the Commission and understand the new human rights challenges. The Commission’s efforts are supported by management and institutional governance which continues to improve institutions, change work culture, and create a safe and conducive work environment. Management support and good institutional governance will support Komnas HAM RI which is adaptive, transparent, and accountable in interpreting its mandate and facing new human rights challenges. The 2023 Komnas HAM RI Annual Report includes two substantive pillars, including (1) a series of activities developed by the Commission and their Representative Offices in Provinces; and (2) management support and institutional governance. By referring to these two substantive pillars, the 2023 Komnas HAM RI Annual Report consists of seven sections with the following content coverage: • The first part presents a description of the perspective of Komnas HAM RI in interpreting new human rights challenges throughout 2023. • The second part presents a description of the main report which contains activities aimed at realizing the strategic issues of Komnas HAM RI which are contextualized as an effort to interpret new human rights challenges throughout The Annual Report Of The National Human Rights Commission Of The Republic Of Indonesia (Komnas Ham RI) 2023