Indigenous People in the Criminal Justice system Increase efforts to address the overrepresentation of indigenous people in prisons and to reduce recidivism, in particular its underlying causes, by fully implementing the “Turning of the Tide” prevention strategy through the overall judicial system and by intensifying and strengthening community-based approaches with the involvement of all stakeholders and the increased participation of Maori civil society organizations Excessive use of seclusion in mental health facilities Use solitary confinement and seclusion as measures of last resort, for as short a time as possible, under strict supervision and with the possibility of judicial review Prohibit the solitary confinement and seclusion of juveniles, persons with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, pregnant women, women with infants and breastfeeding mothers, in prison and in all health-care institutions, both public and private Conduct prompt, impartial and thorough investigations into all allegations of illtreatment in prisons and health-care institutions, both public and private; prosecute persons suspected of ill-treatment and, if they are found guilty, ensure that they are punished according to the gravity of their acts; and provide effective remedies and redress to victims 20