CAT: A Study on Bangladesh Compliance standards of the Convention, at a minimum. In particular, the Committee against Torture emphasises that elements of intent and purpose in Article 1 do not involve a subjective inquiry into the motivations of the perpetrators, but must rather be objective determinations under the circumstances.74 It is essential to investigate and establish the responsibility of persons in the chain of command as well as that of the direct perpetrator(s). 4. Under the CAT, States bear international responsibility for the acts and omissions of their officials and others, including agents, private contractors, and others acting in an official capacity or acting on behalf of the State, in conjunction with the State, under its direction or control, or otherwise under cover of law. Accordingly, the government should take legal measures to prohibit, prevent and redress torture and illtreatment in all contexts of custody or control, for example, in prisons, hospitals, schools, institutions that engage in the care of children, the aged, the mentally ill or disabled, in military service, and other institutions as well as contexts where the failure of the State to intervene encourages and enhances the danger of privately inflicted harm. 5. The protection of certain minority or marginalized individuals or populations especially at risk of torture is a part of the obligation to prevent torture or ill-treatment. Bangladesh must, therefore, ensure the protection of 74 Ibid. 53