Part I Defining the issues to be monitored STANDARD POLICY ASSESSMENT HUMAN RIGHTS ASSESSMENT GOAL Education for all COMMITMENTS Right to education INPUTS e.g. expenditure on public education EFFORTS Adequacy of policies (AAAQ) OUTPUTS e.g. number of schools built Adequacy of expenditures (maximum available resources) Adequacy of process (participation, accountability etc.) OUTCOMES e.g. increase in enrolment RESULTS Increase in literacy rates (disaggregated) IMPACTS e.g. increase in literacy 3.3. WHAT IS THE OPERA FRAMEWORK? The OPERA Framework provides a structure to fit human rights norms into the policy assessment logic model. As shown in the graphic below, the framework is based on four main steps: 1. Outcomes 2. Policy Efforts 3. Resources 4. Assessment. Each step provides a broad checklist of the main questions to be answered when analysing a particular dimension of the obligation to fulfil ESCR. Importantly, each question reflects a relevant human rights norm (e.g. policy content is assessed against the AAAAQ criteria, while policy processes are assessed against the principles of participation, transparency and accountability). When combined, the four steps enable us to demonstrate – more convincingly – the links between State conduct and results. Another significant feature of OPERA is that, as well as identifying what questions need to be answered to measure relevant norms, it also suggests tools and techniques for how to answer them. Each of the steps is outlined further below. The tools and techniques are also introduced briefly. They will be discussed in more detail in Parts II and III. Chapter 3: Monitoring the fulfilment of economic, social and cultural rights | 33