Table 10. Industry and in-work poverty rate Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Mining Manufacturing Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services Construction Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Accommodation and Food Services Transport, Postal and Warehousing Information Media and Telecommunications Financial and Insurance Services Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Administrative and Support Services Public Administration and Safety Education and Training Health Care and Social Assistance Arts and Recreation Services Other Services In-work poverty rate (relative to sample average) +2.8 pp -1.7 pp -1.5 pp -2.1 pp -1.0 pp -1.6 pp +1.7 pp +4.7 pp -0.9 pp -1.2 pp -2.4 pp +0.6 pp -1.6 pp +2.0 pp -2.0 pp +0.4 pp +0.3 pp +1.8 pp +0.8 pp Share of industry 4.3% 0.4% 11.1% 0.9% 6.6% 5.7% 10.0% 5.2% 4.6% 1.9% 4.1% 1.9% 7.7% 3.1% 6.1% 9.7% 11.3% 1.8% 3.7% Source: IDI 2019. In-work poverty rate as defined in Section 3 and presented relative to the sample average (4.2 percent for the sample of 1,089,360 working household units defined by industry). See Stats NZ (2018e) for more information about the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification. pp = percentage point. Other job characteristics A final set of job characteristics described with respect to in-work poverty prevalence is illustrated in Table 11. These results rely on data from the HLFS and are therefore based on smaller sample sizes, relative to the population-level information presented in the majority of tables and figures thus far. The statistics provided in Table 11 relate to 2017 (September quarter) and a sample size of 7,836 working households. We find that mean hours by a worker in an in-work non-poor household is 39.3 hours per week, whereas the comparable figure for in-work poor households is 29.7 hours per week. Next, we look at the main earner’s 26 full-time status (working at least 30 hours per week). While the overwhelming majority of in-work non-poor households (92.8 percent) have a full-time main earner, only six out of every tenth main earner of an in-work poor household works full-time (58.6 percent). This suggests that number of hours worked may play a role in explaining the poverty status of these households. In line with this finding, we find that in-work poor households report an underemployment rate (working part-time and wanting to work additional hours) that is more than double that of in-work non-poor households. 27 Table 11 also illustrates that the share of working households where at least one working member has a permanent employment contract is much higher among the in-work non-poor (97.2 percent) compared to the in-work poor households (84.6 percent). Likewise, the share of working households Based on the highest income from wages and salaries in the 2017 September quarter. “Underemployed people are those who are employed part-time (working less than 30 hours a week) and have both the desire and availability to increase the number of hours they work.” (Stats NZ, 2018d). 26 27 Page 35