Thus, the authorities must establish the reasons for not authorizing the demonstration in the first place, the public interest at stake, and what risks were represented by the demonstration. The method used by the police for discouraging the protesters, containing them in a particular place or dispersing the demonstration is also an essential factor in assessing the proportionality of the interference. VIII. Treatment of vulnerable persons and special categories of persons 1. Recalling the obligation of the State to protect the right to the assembly by ratifying and giving effect to all relevant international human rights treaties through incorporation into domestic legislation, the State must address specific needs and challenges faced by vulnerable groups and special categories of individuals in the exercise of these rights. 2. Vulnerable groups of persons include women, children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. Special categories of persons include the media, clergy, and bystanders. 3. This duty may require additional measures to be taken to facilitate the exercise of the right to freedom of assembly by those people. 4. The State must demonstrate a zero-tolerance approach to violence against vulnerable persons connected with an assembly by properly investigating all violations, prosecuting perpetrators, and ensuring effective remedies for victims. 5. Specific recommended guidelines on the treatment of these categories by law enforcement officials during the exercise of their right of assembly are contained in Part II (V). 19