reasonable or expedient. They must also be the least intrusive among the measures that
might serve the relevant protective function. Hence, political slogans chanted during
lawful demonstrations cannot be interpreted as a call for violence or an uprising,
attracting any restrictions.
V.
Categories of restrictions
The restrictions imposed on an assembly should, in principle, relate to its time, place, and
manner, not to the message being communicated.
1. Place of assembly
1.1. Restrictions may proportionally regulate, restrict or prohibit occupation of
public spaces, such as main roads, or entities to essential facilities, while
offering suitable alternative sites when possible.
1.2. The following areas may be restricted or prohibited;
1.2.1. Near dangerous production facilities or other facilities subject to special
technical safety regulations.
1.2.2. On flyovers, near railway lines, oil, gas, or petroleum pipelines, or high
voltage electricity lines.
1.3. The list of places where public events are prohibited may be designated by
legislation demarcating the parameters of the zones.
1.4. However, blanket bans, including bans on assemblies at particular times, are
disproportionate because they preclude consideration of the specific
circumstance of each proposed assembly.
1.5. At the core of the right to freedom of assembly is the participant’s ability to
choose where they can best communicate their message to their desired
audience. It would be disproportionate if authorities categorically excluded
places suitable and open to the public as sites for peaceful assemblies. The use
of such suitable sites must continually be assessed in light of the circumstances
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