REPORT ON INVESTIGATED KILLINGS IN RELATION TO THE ANTI-ILLEGAL DRUG CAMPAIGN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provides an analysis of drug-related killings investigated by the Commission on Human Rights (CHR) across all administrative regions of the country, with the greatest number of incidents happening in Region III, Region IV-A, and the National Capital Region. Since the election of President Rodrigo Duterte in 2016 – who primarily ran on an anti-criminality platform – the Commission had opened 3,790 investigations into drug-related killings from 2016 through 2021. Of these, 2,305 investigations had been concluded. For the purpose of this report, a probability sample size of 882 case dockets with concluded investigations was analyzed to minimize errors and to provide more room for in-depth examination. The 882 case dockets covered a total of 872 incidents with 1,139 victims. The Commission found that 798 incidents have links to drug trade, of which 793 resulted in death of at least one victim. A total of 1,014 victims – 920 killed while only 87 survived therefrom – was recorded. There was no information as to the status of seven victims. Notably, a number of these victims belong to the marginalized, vulnerable, and disadvantaged sectors. Drug-related killings are subsequently categorized between those which occurred in the context of law enforcement operations (478 incidents involving 698 victims) and those killings by private persons and/or unidentified perpetrators (246 incidents involving 281 victims). Sixtynine incidents involving 73 victims had unclear information on the nature of the incident, or conflicting narratives around the identity of the perpetrators. Particular in incidents involving law enforcers are allegations – culled from police records – that victims initiated aggression or resisted arrest (nanlaban). Descriptions of such aggression were often couched in phrases depicting that the victims, upon sensing that they were dealing with the police, pulled out their guns and fired at the operatives. Assuming arguendo that the victims did initiate aggression, only 31 incidents analyzed showed that police operatives sustained injuries largely owing to either wearing bulletproof vests or being hit in the extremities. Not only was there a question on sufficient provocation by the victims, but witness accounts in 133 incidents state discrepancies and inconsistencies in the official police narratives. The use of excessive and disproportionate force is also evident in 329 incidents where a lone victim was killed in drug operations participated by a minimum of three well-trained and highly skilled police operatives, armed with highly reliable weapons. Out of the 235 victims with records on sustained gunshot wounds, 201 (86%) were shot in the head and/or torso – further manifesting the intent to kill by police operatives. Verily, the victims’ deaths were inevitable results of the police operations. An analysis of the 246 killings committed by unidentified and other types of perpetrators showed that, in most cases, targeted victims were civilians included in the drug watchlists, those who have surrendered under Oplan Tokhang (one of the two prongs of the Philippine National Police’s [PNP] anti-illegal drug campaign Project Double Barrel), known drug personalities, identified drug group members, and in some cases, known assets. Most of them were found in uninhabited locations sustaining gunshot wounds in the head and/or torso. The heads of some victims were wrapped in packaging tape with their hands and/or feet bound together. These iii