REPORT ON INVESTIGATED KILLINGS IN RELATION TO THE ANTI-ILLEGAL DRUG CAMPAIGN 5. KILLINGS BY UNIDENTIFIED AND OTHER TYPES OF PERPETRATORS 40 151 40 body dumps riding-in-tandem placard was found Two hundred forty-eight (248) drug-related incidents were recorded outside the context of alleged operations conducted by law enforcement These incidents were mostly carried out by unidentified perpetrators. Across the country, from July 2016 until December 2020, the Commission has investigated at least 1,570 killings by unidentified perpetrators. These incidents resulted to the killing of 269 victims, of which more than 54% (146) were included in a drug list. As early as October 2016, there have been allegations that persons appearing on the drug “watch lists” were likely the target of drug-related extrajudicial killings.72 The nature and mode of attacks suggest brutality in their commission. Out of these incidents, 40 incidents had their victims’ bodies found subsequently after the attacks. Most of these bodies were found in uninhabited locations. It can be reasonably surmised that the disposal of bodies in such places were done to conceal or to prevent their immediate discovery. On the other hand, killings carried out in public places indicate the flagrant resolve of the assailants to commit the crime. a. Linkage of the victim to the illegal drug trade or the government’s campaign against illegal drugs In most cases, the targeted victims were civilians included in the drug watch lists, those who have surrendered under Oplan Tokhang, known drug personalities, identified drug gang/group member, and in some cases the victims were known police/PDEA/ barangay assets.73 72 See for instance,“Special Report: In Duterte’s war on drugs, local residents help draw up hit lists”, REUTERS, 8 October 2016, at https:/ /www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-hitlists-idUSKCN127049. 73 CHR III 2017-0052; CHR XI 2016-0213; CHR CAR 2016-0120. 24