Endnotes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth), ss 3(1), 11, Schedule 2; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, opened for signature 16 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171 (entered into force 23 March 1976) article 18(3). Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth), s 11. Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth), Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth), Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth), Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth). See Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth), ss 3(1), 11(1)(aa). The Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission is an independent statutory agency with responsibilities under the Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic), the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) and the Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 (Vic). Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic) ss 6, 8-9. The Commission also notes that there are several exceptions for religious bodies, for example in s 82 of the Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic). Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 (Vic) s 8. The Act provides civil and criminal mechanisms to resolve allegations of vilification: Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 (Vic) ss 19, 25. Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) s 14. However, the Commission does not handle complaints about the Charter. In many cases these complaints can be made to the Victorian Ombudsman. Nathan, Julie, Report on Antisemitism in Australia 2019, Executive Council of Australian Jewry, p.14, available at https://www.ecaj.org. au/the-ecaj-2019-antisemitism-report/. Nathan, Julie, Report on Antisemitism in Australia 2019, Executive Council of Australian Jewry, 7. Nathan, Julie, Report on Antisemitism in Australia 2019, Executive Council of Australian Jewry, 33. Nathan, Julie, Report on Antisemitism in Australia 2019, Executive Council of Australian Jewry, 34. Nathan, Julie, Report on Antisemitism in Australia 2019, Executive Council of Australian Jewry, 34. Nathan, Julie, Report on Antisemitism in Australia 2019, Executive Council of Australian Jewry, 40. Iner, Derya, ed. Islamophobia in Australia Report II (2007-2018). Sydney: Charles Sturt University and ISRA, 2019, p.III. Iner, Derya, ed. Islamophobia in Australia Report II (2007-2018). Sydney: Charles Sturt University and ISRA, 2019, 4 ff. Iner, Derya, ed. Islamophobia in Australia Report II (2007-2018). Sydney: Charles Sturt University and ISRA, 2019, 104-5. Iner, Derya, ed. Islamophobia in Australia Report II (2007-2018). Sydney: Charles Sturt University and ISRA, 2019, 40. Iner, Derya, ed. Islamophobia in Australia Report II (2007-2018). Sydney: Charles Sturt University and ISRA, 2019, 53. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Kailahi, April et. al., Resilient Women Project: Muslim Women and their Experiences of Prejudice, Uniting Church in Australia, 2019, available at https://victas.uca.org.au/resilient-women-project-helps-combatprejudice/. Freedom for Faith, Protecting Diversity: Towards a Better Legal Framework for Religious Freedom in Australia, available at https:// freedomforfaith.org.au/library/the-ruddock-review. ‘We Never Expected This to Happen in Australia: Vandals Torch Hindu Temple’, SBS News, available at https://www.sbs.com.au/ news/we-never-expected-this-to-happen-in-australia-vandals-torchhindu-temple. Johnson, M., ‘Sacred Claims and the Politics of Indigeneity in Australia’, in Journal of Religious and Political Practice, 4:1, 78-92. Markus, A., Mapping Social Cohesion: the Scanlon Foundation Surveys, ACJC, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, p.57. Markus, A., Mapping Social Cohesion: the Scanlon Foundation Surveys, ACJC, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, 58. Ipsos, Global Views On Religion 2017, available at https://www.ipsos. com/en-au/ipsos-global-study-shows-half-think-religion-does-moreharm-good. Australian Generation Z Study, results and analysis available at http://sociology.cass.anu.edu.au/research/projects/australia-s-genzs/publications-and-reports https://couragetocare.com.au/ Markus, A., Mapping Social Cohesion: the Scanlon Foundation Surveys, ACJC, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, 26. Markus, A., Mapping Social Cohesion: the Scanlon Foundation Surveys, ACJC, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, 69. Graham, D. and Markus, A., Gen17 Australian Community Survey: Preliminary Findings, Australian Centre for Jewish Civilisation, Monash University, 2018. Mason, G., ‘A Picture of Bias Crime in New South Wales’ in Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: an Interdisciplinary Journal, 11 (1), 47-66. https://www.report-it.org.uk/home. Australian Human Rights Commission, Religious Freedom Review: Australian Human Rights Commission Submission to the Expert Panel, February 2018, 4, available at https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/ legal/submission/religious-freedom-review-2018. Australian Government Response to the Religious Freedom Review, 14, available at https://www.ag.gov.au/RightsAndProtections/ HumanRights/Documents/Response-religious-freedom-2018.pdf. Religious Freedom Review: Australian Human Rights Commission Submission to the Expert Panel, February 2018, 5, available at https:// humanrights.gov.au/our-work/legal/submission/religious-freedomreview-2018. Australian Government Response to the Religious Freedom Review, 15, available at https://www.ag.gov.au/RightsAndProtections/ HumanRights/Documents/Response-religious-freedom-2018.pdf. Freedom of religion in Australia: a focus on serious harms • July 2020 • 27