38 Presence of the Gold Toyota Vios 42 G. Findings of the Panel 44 (i) The Modus Operandi 44 (ii) The Search and Seizure of Items at No. 76, Kampung Selarong Pengkalan Hulu, Perak 46 (iii) Informa�on Provided by Sgt Shamzaini to Norhaya� 48 (iv) The Gold Toyota Vios 53 (v) Shortcomings of the Police Inves�ga�ons and Conduct Unbecoming of the Police 54 Delay 54 The Police’s Failure to Obtain CCTV Footage 55 Last Ping from Pastor Raymond Koh’s Mobile Phone 56 Peter Chong 56 Conduct Unbecoming 57 H. Conclusion 57 Enforced Disappearance by Agents of the State 57 Enforced Disappearance by Non-State Agents 58 Refusal to Acknowledge the Depriva�on of Liberty 58 Common Features Between the Two Disappearances 58 (i) Religious Issues 58 (ii) Direct Surveillance 59 (iii) Similar Modus Operandi 60 (iv) Presence of Gold Toyota Vios 60 I. Recommenda�ons of the Panel 61 Authori�es to Respect Freedom of Religion as a Fundamental Human Right 61 Demarca�on Between the Police and the Religious Authori�es 61 Reforms to Standard Opera�ng Procedures of the Police 62 Inves�ga�on Papers 63 Cases of Missing Persons, Abduc�ons and Disappearances 63 Role of the Special Branch 63 Independent Police Complaints and Misconduct Commission (“IPCM C”) 64 Set Up of Special Task Force to Inves�gate the Disappearance of Pastor Raymond Koh 64 Legal Reforms 66 Amendments to the Law in Malaysia 66 Ra�fying Interna�onal Instruments 66 J. Addressing the Terms of Reference 67 K. Acknowledgment 68 Schedule 1: List of Inquiry Witnesses 70 Schedule 2: List of Exhibits 71 3 PASTOR RAYMOND KOH Details of Sgt Shamzaini’s Evidence Provided by Norhaya�