Local The issue affects Māori in a local area. e.g. individuals, Whānau, Hapū and iwi Regional The issue affects Māori in a particular area. e.g. Iwi organisations, Collectives, Organisations with a particular purpose National The issue affects all Māori in Aotearoa. e.g. National Organisations dedicated to Social, Economic, Environmental, Cultural issues, or interested in all issues related to Māori Figure 3. Māori engagement guidance.54 The whānau and hapū are cultural structures that traditionally supported both prevention and intervention through their practice of tikanga. They provide the collective responsibility for obligations and accountabilities through tikanga Māori. As an extended family structure, the whānau is based within whakapapa relationships, with whanaungatanga in turn defining the relationships and responsibilities of whānau members. An important aspect of this is that whakapapa and whānau enduring relationships establish collective identity. This also carries a responsibility to maintain the well-being of the whānau, hapū or iwi.55 Durie discusses the domains such as whānau and community based on his model of Te Whare Tapa Whā.56 The practice of accountability taking place at the marae/hapū level is directed after discussion by the people as a collective. There are governmentdriven issues such as three waters at a national 24 level and resource consent applications at a district level as well as issues such as climate change that demand a hapū or iwi response, and this in turn is a matter that may be debated as an aspect of tikanga. The marae/hapū and iwi in such cases have multiple accountabilities to the people as a collective but also to commercial, professional, Kāwana and other entities. Tangata Whenua are receiving numerous calls and must resolve what is the kaupapa and relevant tikanga to ensure the accountability system is able to operate. Collaborations with other iwi on specific issues may be driven by diverse groups. Establishment of clear frameworks for accountability as well as overlapping responsibilities and accountabilities of these geographic collectives are now being addressed. In doing so, for each kaupapa tackled, for each decision and for each accountability, tino rangatiratanga is demonstrated and applied. Te Kāhui Tika Tangata New Zealand Human Rights Commission Housing Inquiry