with explanations are tino rangatiratanga, equity, active protection, options and partnership. Tino rangatiratanga is described as: “The guarantee … for Māori self-determination and mana motuhake in the design, delivery, and monitoring of health and disability services.”32 In contrast to the principles approach, a Cabinet Office circular noted by the New Zealand Law Society comments “while the courts and previous guidance have developed and focused on the principles of the Treaty, the new guidance takes the text of the Treaty as its focus”.33 The term ‘partnership’ between the Crown and Māori is also used, in conjunction with reference to the principles, and the concept of partnership has been part of “modern Treaty principles”.34 Terms such as mana, manaakitanga and whakapapa, which have been used in descriptions of Treaty principles, have been used to enable an understanding of Māori terms that are an integral part of customs and tikanga. 18 In the tino rangatiratanga sphere, Tangata Whenua have their own autonomous hapū organisation and related kinship-based structures. Durie highlights five key aspects in relation to arrangements for tino rangatiratanga, which include iwi, hapū, Māori as individuals, Māori communities of interest and national Māori confederations.35 These structures are important to understanding how we can continue to advance tino rangatiratanga in the contemporary context and more specifically in the housing system. Matike Mai Aotearoa also referred to rangatiratanga in conjunction with tikanga and whakapapa36 and particularly in conjunction with “the concept of power generally known as mana (and much later in the 19th century as rangatiratanga)”,37 mana denoting absolute authority. In further explanation in the Matike Mai Aotearoa report, mana could only be exercised in ways consistent with tikanga,38 which is enhanced by mana.39 We now move to accountability and tikanga Māori. Te Kāhui Tika Tangata New Zealand Human Rights Commission Housing Inquiry