• • • • • • • experiences of family and domestic violence should be a key priority for action.2 Corporal punishment has not been explicitly prohibited in all settings, including homes and all child-related institutions. Some children have been maltreated in the care of institutions such as schools, recreational organisations, residential care, youth detention and immigration detention. While the harmful effects of institutional maltreatment have been brought into stark relief in Australia by the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (2012– 2017), there is still much to do to make sure that child-related institutions are safe for children. Bullying at school, including cyberbullying, remains a major health concern. There have been exponential increases in reports of online child exploitation. A small number of children in Australia are victims of child trafficking, slavery or slavery-like practices, including forced child marriage. International surrogacy remains unregulated, highlighting risks of child trafficking. Some people in Australia have been the victims in childhood of female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C), with serious lifelong health impacts. 12