Conclusions Although the principal focus of NHRIs is domestic, their jurisdictions are not exclusively domestic. In fact, NHRIs have a range of roles and responsibilities and can undertake a range of functions in relation to extra-territorial human rights cases and situations. They are institutions established for the promotion and protection of human rights. This broad mandate requires them to examine their legal powers and functions expansively and determine • Which of their functions enable extra-territorial action • How those functions can be best used to handle extra-territorial human rights cases and situations and • The circumstances in which those functions should be exercised extra-territorially. This paper has examined five functions in particular: • Investigation and resolution of cases • Inquiry into human rights situations • Advice and recommendation on situations • Cooperation and collaboration with other NHRIs and with global, regional and sub-regional associations of NHRIs • Human rights education. There are many instances in which NHRIs have used one or more of these functions for extra-territorial action to promote and protect human rights. In analysing opportunities under NHRIs’ laws and in providing examples of actions already undertaken, this paper seeks to prompt more and better consideration of the extra-territorial roles of NHRIs. 48 National action on international issues