Part III Human rights education in practice Not all people who identify as a particular gender experience the same levels of inequalities. Examples are highlighted in the following audio visual resources: • women who experience additional human rights violations based on their diverse identities145 146 • the multiple discriminations experienced by people of diverse genders due to homophobia and transphobia.147 • the challenges that people who are deaf, with vision impairments and with mobility impairments can face when practicing their religion and beliefs.148 Gender mainstreaming human rights education involves developing a variety of methods and tools to ensure that the activity is appropriate for, and reflects, the identities of people in addition to their gender. 9.2.2. Gender specialisation approach to human rights education Gender mainstreaming efforts complement but do not replace the need for targeted, specialised policies and programmes. Experience at both the international and national levels has confirmed that even with the best-intentioned mainstreaming strategy in place, issues of concern to specific groups may be minimised or ignored without specialist, focused attention. In some situations, different treatment is necessary to enable a specific group to achieve equality with others. A human rights activity, for example, may be specifically developed for/with women with disabilities in order that they can openly discuss and address their shared experiences. A grant may be sought to ensure that a targeted group is able to engage in a human rights activity. These actions are called ‘special measures’ or ‘affirmative action’. While it is important to gender mainstream human rights education activities, it is also important to recognise that achieving gender equality is reliant on interventions that are specifically focused on those who experience the most serious gender-based human rights violations and on those who perpetuate these violations. In one of the most challenging environments for women and girls, the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission has convened a ground-breaking workshop on reproductive rights. Possibly the first workshop of its kind in the country, the meeting brought together 20 female teachers from girls’ schools and ten civil society activists for a series of discussions and practical activities. Seed funding was provided by the APF after Commission representatives developed a proposal for the workshop following their participation in the APF’s training program on the rights of women and girls. Held in Bamyan province, one of the most disadvantaged regions of Afghanistan, participants discussed: 145 UN Women (2019). Amplify the voices of the unheard. Available online at http://interactive.unwomen.org/multimedia/campaign/ unheardwomen/index.html. 146 UN Women (2018), Empower indigenous women, strengthen communities (1.22). Available online at www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Nh1OuJEd8cU. 147 UNFE (2015) Pacific Free & Equal. Available online at http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2015/08/un-launches-campaign-supporting-gayrights-in-the-pacific/. 148 APF and the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM) I want to pray. Available online at www.asiapacificforum.net/ news/using-digital-stories-advocate-human-rights/. Chapter 9: Human rights education and gender | 83