Article 5 Measures to Safeguard Various Rights Act expressly safeguard the rights of indigenous peoples to access to judicial courts. Indigenous peoples should be allowed to speak their native languages in courts with the assistance of interpreters. This would allow them to have unrestricted access to courts, direct communication with judges, and full protection of their litigation rights, and ensure that they are not discriminated against during judicial proceedings. The NHRC notes that there are at least 16 ethnic languages and 42 dialects among Taiwan’s indigenous peoples. The national report only mentions that the court has a reserve list of 18 contract interpreters in 7 indigenous languages. For prosecutorial and police authorities, the report only provides total numbers and total instances without detailing usage by each specific ethnic group, particularly of contracted interpreters, temporary interpreters, and agreed-upon interpreters. The NHRC believes that difficulties with language and cultural interpretation during judicial proceedings are two of the key disadvantages that indigenous people face during trials. Given that contracted, temporary, and agreed- upon interpreters are typically used on a temporary basis, there can be instances when a witness, police officer, or accompanying relative serves as the defendant’s interpreter out of expediency. However, this approach can potentially compromise the quality and accuracy of the interpretation, thereby undermining the rights of indigenous people to access and use the courts effectively. (b) New immigrants 45. A resolution was adopted at the 13th meeting of the New Immigrant Affairs Coordination Committee (convened by the Executive Yuan on August 11, 2022) to take an inventory of interpreting services, consolidate recommendations, and propose a plan for the next two to three years. Following approval by the Executive Yuan, a cross-agency, tiered interpretation system will be developed 35