Limited control of immediate environment In several of the health and disability units the light switches and blinds for each room could only be controlled from the outside. In the At Risk unit at Christchurch men’s prison light switches were similarly outside the cell, and blue lights stayed on all night. At Rolleston prison, lights in ‘Pound’ units were controlled from the outside only. This was also the case at Auckland prison and Auckland South’s At Risk units, though at Auckland South we were told that prisoners could use the call bell and ask for lights to be turned on or off at any time they wanted. Poor temperature control Temperature control was poor in a number of the institutions visited. For example, the de-escalation rooms at Te Whare Ahuru (Hutt Valley DHB) were too hot, whereas the air conditioning in one of the rooms in the Secure Care Unit at the Youth Justice residence was set on too low a temperature on the day of our visit, making the room very cold. The custody suite at Wellington police station, which was located underground, tended, according to officers working there, to get very cold in winter and very hot in summer. This was the case despite there being a forced air ducting system in place with sensors designed to keep temperatures within an appropriate range Lack of privacy Most high-risk cells in the facilities visited were continuously monitored by close-circuit cameras which covered the entire cell/room area, including the toilet, affording detainees no privacy. Examples include the ARU cells in Christchurch Men’s and Christchurch Women’s, and the Police custody suite in Wellington. Lack of individual autonomy and over-reliance on the goodwill and availability of staff in the provision of basic necessities Where these were not available in their room, access to a number of basic provisions (discussed above) was dependent on the goodwill of staff/officers/ nurses. Some examples include: providing drinking water to prisoners, patients and young people who did not have access to it inside their cell/room ; responding to the hand signals of a distressed child in a Secure Care cell (as the call bell didn’t work); escorting a patient to the toilet as their seclusion room/ segregation cell is not equipped with one (as was the case in seclusion room in many health and disability units and prison ‘soft’ and ‘round’ cells); providing ARU prisoners with toilet paper “as needed” (Auckland Men’s); relying on prison staff to override the mechanism which only allowed for 10 or 15 or, in one 46